{
  "abstract": "General mathematical modeling of symport faces two fundamental challenges: (i) a unified kinetic description independent of protein-specific structural details; and (ii) quantitative cross-scale mapping between microscopic conformational transitions and macroscopic physiological observables. Grounded in the fundamental physiological principle of cellular homeostasis, we propose a unifying hypothesis for symporter gating: symporters actively regulate intracellular concentrations of specific solutes within thermodynamically feasible bounds. Based on this hypothesis, we construct a universal mathematical model of symporters, employing a minimal conformational cycle as the topological scaffold and probabilistic transition rates to quantitatively describe conformational interconversion kinetics. Model simulations of experimental data from the SGLT, NaPi-II, NKCC, and NBC transporter families yield consistent fits. The resulting parameters not only reproduce experimentally observed transport behaviors---but also reveal underlying mechanistic principles of symporter function.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Q. Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "F. Liang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5y1jj0h86d9wp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.15.759425",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.15.759425v1.full",
  "id": "5y1jj0h86d9wp",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.15.759425v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "physiology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Ion Transport and Channel Regulation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223111352",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.15.759425v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5y1jj0h86d9wp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:28:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.15.759425",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.15.759425v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "biorxiv:physiology",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A General Mathematical Model of Symport Based on Conformational Transitions",
  "title_text": "A General Mathematical Model of Symport Based on Conformational Transitions",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5y1jj0h86d9wp",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}