{
  "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate clinical and functional outcomes after transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF) for symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASD) in patients without frank dynamic instability after lumbar fusion. Methods: This retrospective case series included 29 patients available for outcome analysis after transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF). Patients with >3 mm sagittal translation or >10° angular motion on flexion-extension radiographs were excluded. Outcomes were pain measured with a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), modified MacNab category, operative parameters, prior fusion construct type, anatomic relationship of the endoscopic level(s) to the prior fusion, and perioperative complications. Median follow-up was 24 months (IQR 13-48; range, 12-144 months). Results: Median age was 70.5 years (IQR 58.5-78.8); 26 of 29 patients (89.7%) had at least one comorbidity, and 25 (86.2%) were ASA class II or III. Median blood loss was 20 mL. Median VAS decreased from 8 to 2 and median ODI from 50 to 16 (both p < 0.001). All 29 patients met the prespecified MCID thresholds for VAS and ODI, and 25 (86.2%) had a satisfactory modified MacNab outcome. One perioperative motor deficit resolved without long-term sequelae. Conclusions: In this selected cohort with radiographically stable symptomatic ASD, TELF was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in pain and disability at the available final follow-up and low observed intraoperative blood loss. These uncontrolled findings support feasibility but do not establish comparative safety, superiority, or longitudinal durability.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Latin American Endoscopic Spine Surgeons LESS Invasiva Academy, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Clínica Reina Sofia Pediátrica y de la Mujer, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá, D.C., Colombia",
    "Latin American Endoscopic Spine Surgeons LESS Invasiva Academy, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Clínica Foscal Internacional, Bucaramanga, Colombia",
    "Fellowship Visiting - Latin American Endoscopic Spine Surgeons, LESS Invasiva Academy, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia",
    "Clínica Reina Sofia Pediátrica y de la Mujer, Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá, D.C., Colombia",
    "Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jorge Felipe Ramírez León"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "José Gabriel Rugeles Ortiz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carolina Ramírez Martínez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nicolás Prada Ramírez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Greiska Gisela Benítez González"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Viviana Marcela Plazas Bedoya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sergio Nicolás Diaz Marín"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gabriel Oswaldo Alonso Cuéllar"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ye7rdbfdbdy3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.wnsx.2026.100644",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590139726000797",
  "id": "5ye7rdbfdbdy3",
  "issns": [
    "2590-1397"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wnsx.2026.100644",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC346-429"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "RD1-811"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2732|Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7225233135",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590139726000797/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ye7rdbfdbdy3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T14:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "0d6db55a8d5942f68a2d0526d5814163",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wnsx.2026.100644"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology",
      "subfield": "surgery"
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  ],
  "title": "Mid-term outcomes of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy for radiographically stable adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion: A retrospective case series",
  "title_text": "Mid-term outcomes of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy for radiographically stable adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion: A retrospective case series",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T14:21:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ye7rdbfdbdy3",
  "venue": "World Neurosurgery: X",
  "versions": []
}