{
  "abstract": "The charge-carrier lifetime in halide perovskites often varies by orders of magnitude with the injection level, complicating the analysis of conventional time-resolved photoluminescence and comparisons of reported lifetimes. We use intensity-modulated photoluminescence spectroscopy (IMPLS) as a frequency-domain alternative. Carried out under operating conditions, it yields the lifetime at a specific injection level, e.g., one-sun-equivalent illumination. On thin films, IMPLS and steady-state photoluminescence yield comparable lifetimes. For perovskite/transport-layer stacks, the IMPLS response becomes more complex. A dedicated transfer function disentangles charge transfer from interface recombination and predicts an upper limit on the charge-carrier lifetime in the solar cell. In devices, electrical methods such as intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) often fail to measure the lifetime due to capacitive effects. IMPLS shows not only the same two characteristic frequencies as IMVS, but also a third one, thereby resolving the lifetime itself.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.39073",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Constantin Bach"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dong Won Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yitian Du"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yana Vaynzof"
    },
    {
      "name": "Carsten Deibel"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ypef7sgqrnpd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.39073",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5ypef7sgqrnpd",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39073",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.app-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Perovskite Materials and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215125470",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.39073",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ypef7sgqrnpd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
      "native_id": "2609.39073",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39073"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.app-ph",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Operando Charge Carrier Dynamics by Intensity-Modulated Photoluminescence: From Perovskite Thin Films to Solar Cells",
  "title_text": "Operando Charge Carrier Dynamics by Intensity-Modulated Photoluminescence: From Perovskite Thin Films to Solar Cells",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ypef7sgqrnpd",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}