{
  "abstract": "The anti-ambipolar switch (AAS) produces a bell-shaped (Λ) transfer characteristic that embeds two threshold edges within a single device; however, this feature has been utilized mainly for discrete logic and periodic signals, rather than for discriminating a continuous input against defined voltage thresholds. Herein, a dual-gate ZnO–Te AAS (DGAAS), combined with a load transistor into an AAS cell, functions as an electrically programmable window detector. The bounded conduction interval of its Λ-curve defines the detection window, and the top-gate bias relocates this window without changes to the circuit topology. Fabricated at ≤150 °C, the device translates its peak by 0.95 V per volt of top-gate bias, with a device-to-device standard deviation of 29.4 mV across 30 devices. A six-transistor window detector, comprising the AAS cell and an output buffer, replaces the two-comparator-and-AND structure of a conventional CMOS design, reducing the transistor count by 75–77%, and circuit simulations based on the measured cell characteristics show that three cells map a continuous analog input to a 2-bit digital output. These results indicate that the ZnO–Te DGAAS serves as a compact primitive for voltage-domain signal discrimination, connecting analog sensing and digital readout within a back-end-of-line (BEOL)-compatible process.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Graduate School of Semiconductor Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea",
    "National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-ro 77, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Byeong Gwan Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jae Hyeon Jun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jun-Hyeok Choi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hyeon-Seok Shin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jung-Hun Jo",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-6686-5124"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Chan Bin Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jun Young Hong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jae Min Jo",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-6712-3838"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Byoung Hun Lee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4540-7731"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ys68c92h0n3v.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nano16211418",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5ys68c92h0n3v",
  "issns": [
    "2079-4991"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1418",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ys68c92h0n3v.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:08Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nano16211418",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/21/1418"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2079-4991",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Inorganic Dual-Gate ZnO–Te Anti-Ambipolar Switches for Electrically Programmable Window Detection and Multi-Level Voltage Classification",
  "title_text": "Inorganic Dual-Gate ZnO–Te Anti-Ambipolar Switches for Electrically Programmable Window Detection and Multi-Level Voltage Classification",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5ys68c92h0n3v",
  "venue": "Nanomaterials",
  "versions": []
}