{
  "abstract": "Cross-platform correlations in heterogeneous biological materials can reflect shared experimental structure rather than intrinsic chemical coupling. Here, 90 flue-cured tobacco leaves from ten production areas and three stalk positions were analysed in a balanced 10 × 3 × 3 design using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). For a prespecified 8 × 8 cross-modal panel, pooled rank covariance was partitioned into production-area, stalk-position, area × position and within-cell residual components, with robustness assessed by design-preserving permutation, nested classification and leave-one-production-area-out validation. FTIR replicate consistency was high (median mean within-sample correlation ≈0.996). Both analytical platforms contained reproducible stalk-position information, and feature-level fusion achieved 84.4% internal accuracy, but this decreased to 42.2% when complete production areas were held out. Geographic origin dominated global analytical heterogeneity and 13 of 14 retained cross-modal associations (|ρ| ≥ 0.30; false-discovery-rate q < 0.05). The nicotine-related-aromatic/lignin association (ρ = 0.479) was almost entirely attributable to between-area covariance and approached zero after area adjustment, whereas selected nicotine-carbohydrate and phytol-glycosidic relationships contained larger area × position contributions. The framework therefore provides source-aware interpretation of pooled multimodal correlations; its principal limitations are dependence on structured sampling, tentative compound annotation from archived total-ion-current data and limited transfer to unseen geographic origins.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd Shanghai 200082 China lideguo@sh.tobacco.com.cn machi@sh.tobacco.com.cn gaoyang@sh.tobacco.com.cn.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China 24210220055@m.fudan.edu.cn chenhui@fudan.edu.cn zhangren@fudan.edu.cn."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Deguo Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Weican Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chi Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yang Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hui Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2281-5935"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ren Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3184-7971"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5z4p71tky8n6h.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra08992e",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13684876",
  "id": "5z4p71tky8n6h",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910033",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1602|Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223149836",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13684876?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13684876",
  "pmid": "42910033",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5z4p71tky8n6h.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42910033",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910033"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13684876",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08992e"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1602|Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses",
      "subfield": "analytical"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Factor-aware cross-modal mapping of GC-MS and FTIR resolves geographic and stalk-position contributions to volatile-matrix covariation in tobacco leaves from China.",
  "title_text": "Factor-aware cross-modal mapping of GC-MS and FTIR resolves geographic and stalk-position contributions to volatile-matrix covariation in tobacco leaves from China.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:05Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5z4p71tky8n6h",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}