{
  "abstract": "Background: Antigen-specific regulatory T-cell therapies seek to control donor-reactive immunity while preserving broader immune protection. The available platforms differ substantially in cellular composition, mode of antigen recognition, manufacturing requirements, and maturity of clinical evidence.\n\nScope: This narrative Mini Review compares donor-cell expansion, costimulation-blockade products, peptide-based targeting of indirect allorecognition, CAR- and TCR-engineered Tregs, and Tr1-enriched products. Evidence is distinguished as ex vivo or mechanistic, preclinical in vivo , human non-kidney, kidney feasibility and safety, or suggestive of clinical activity.\n\nKey insights: No platform is likely to suit every transplant setting. Donor-cell approaches provide broad antigenic coverage but require individualized donor material. Peptide and receptor-defined approaches offer precision and donor-independent manufacture but are constrained by antigen processing, HLA restriction, or incomplete coverage. Early CAR-Treg studies provide preliminary safety and proof-of-mechanism observations, not evidence of operational tolerance. Culture conditions, accompanying immunosuppression, and product-specific safety risks must be considered together.\n\nConclusions: Progress will require consistent nomenclature, mechanism-linked potency assays, quantitative reporting of clinical studies, and operational measures of persistence, regulatory stability, donor-specific function, graft engagement, and clinical durability. The near-term goal is safe and sustained immunosuppression minimization. Operational tolerance must be demonstrated rather than inferred.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Renal Division, Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sudipta Tripathi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anil Chandraker"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5zrhm1q2y5fcw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1956545",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732456/",
  "id": "5zrhm1q2y5fcw",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1956545/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Mini Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2747|Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223154641",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1956545/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13732456",
  "pmid": "42985516",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5zrhm1q2y5fcw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1956545",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1956545/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:22:26Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13732456",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1956545"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2747|Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antigen-specific regulatory cell therapy approaches in kidney transplantation",
  "title_text": "Antigen-specific regulatory cell therapy approaches in kidney transplantation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:22:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5zrhm1q2y5fcw",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}