{
  "abstract": "Long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are believed to originate from the core collapse of massive Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, leading to the formation of a spinning black hole that powers a relativistic jet. The prompt emission is produced once the jet emerges from the stellar envelope. We perform 2D axisymmetric RHD simulations using the PLUTO code to model semi-self-consistent, accretion-powered jets launched by Kerr black holes. For the two progenitor models, we adopt black hole masses of $4 M_{\\odot}$ and $5 M_{\\odot}$ corresponding to WR stars of $10 M_{\\odot}$ and $25 M_{\\odot}$, respectively. Unlike previous studies, our simulations employ continuous jet injection, with the injected power linked to black hole spin and accretion through an empirical relation motivated by GRMHD simulations, enabling a controlled exploration of jet energetics over $10^{48}$-$10^{52}\\,\\mathrm{erg\\,s^{-1}}$. We investigate jet breakout for WR progenitors of $10\\,M_{\\odot}$ and $25\\,M_{\\odot}$ and identify a critical spin threshold: jets are choked for $a \\leq 0.001$ and successfully break out for $a > 0.001$. The breakout time ($t_B$) shows a correlation with jet luminosity ($L_{\\rm jet}$) and spin ($a$), revealing three regimes: Newtonian ($a \\lesssim 0.03$), relativistic ($a \\gtrsim 0.3$), and intermediate. A dichotomy is observed in jet head velocity at breakout, with $β_h \\gtrsim 0.8$ for high-spin and $β_h \\sim 0.35$-$0.8$ for lower spins. In the Newtonian regime, simulations yield $t_B \\propto L_{\\rm jet}^{-0.48}$, steeper than analytical predictions, with systematically longer breakout times indicating modified jet-head scaling. In the relativistic regime, calibrated analytical models show improved agreement, with simulations indicating efficient jet propagation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.34940",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Rushikesh Sonawane"
    },
    {
      "name": "Krishna Kumar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shabnam Iyyani"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5zs1adyjsdraf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.34940",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "5zs1adyjsdraf",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34940",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.HE"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214742772",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.34940",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-28",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5zs1adyjsdraf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
      "native_id": "2609.34940",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.34940"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.HE",
      "subfield": "high-energy-astrophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "From Choked to Successful: The Role of Black Hole Spin in Collapsar Jet Breakout",
  "title_text": "From Choked to Successful: The Role of Black Hole Spin in Collapsar Jet Breakout",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/5zs1adyjsdraf",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}