{
  "abstract": "We present gas-phase metallicities of star-forming galaxies at $z=1$-10 with deep JWST/NIRSpec spectra from the JADES full data release, Dark Horse, and OASIS programmes. We stack $\\sim$1500 medium-resolution spectra, yielding detections of the [OIII]$λ$4363 auroral line down to $12+\\log(\\mathrm{O/H})=7.0$ to derive stack-based strong-line calibrations over the metallicity range $12+\\log(\\mathrm{O/H})=7.0$-8.7. At a fixed metallicity, our stacks exhibit [OIII]$λ$5007/H$β$ and [OIII]$λ$5007/[OII]$λλ$3726,3729 values generally lower than calibrations based on high-$z$ individual auroral-line emitters, suggesting an observational bias towards higher excitation introduced when requiring auroral line detections in individual spectra. Based on our new calibrations, we obtain canonical mass-metallicity relations (MZRs) at z$=$1-10, identifying a decrease in metallicities from $z\\sim0$ to z$\\sim$4-10, without significant change in slope. Moreover, we identify 50 promising candidates of extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) with $12+\\log(\\mathrm{O/H})=6.7$-7.3 (1-4\\% solar metallicity) at $z=1.2$-9.1. The MZRs of EMPGs are characterised by a large scatter, with those having lower metallicities generally exhibiting lower sSFRs, opposite of what expected from the local Fundamental Metallicity Relation. These results support a stochastic star-formation history involving gas consumption/ejection and metal-poor inflow, strongly affecting metallicities of low-mass galaxies. Furthermore, we identify two Little Red Dots in our EMPG candidates, both exhibiting broad H$α$ and prominent Ly$α$, offering insights into the early black-hole growth in extremely metal-poor environments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "INAF , Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio , Via P. Gobetti 93/3 , I-40129 Bologna , Italy",
    "Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , UK",
    "Kavli Institute for Cosmology , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road , Cambridge , CB3 0HA , UK",
    "Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , USA",
    "Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden St. , Cambridge MA 02138 USA",
    "Department for Astrophysical and Planetary Science , University of Colorado , Boulder , CO 80309 , USA",
    "Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) , Gießenbachstraße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany",
    "DARK , Niels Bohr Institute , University of Copenhagen , Jagtvej 155A , 2200 Copenhagen , Denmark",
    "Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building , Keble Road , Oxford OX1 3RH , UK",
    "Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 , I-56126 Pisa , Italy",
    "Sorbonne Université , CNRS , UMR 7095 , Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris , 98 bis bd Arago , 75014 Paris , France",
    "Centre for Astrophysics Research , Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics , University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield AL10 9AB , UK",
    "Steward Observatory , University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue , Tucson , AZ 85721 , USA",
    "Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics , University of California , Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street , Santa Cruz CA 96054 , USA",
    "NSF National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 North Cherry Avenue , Tucson , AZ 85719 , USA"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 31,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yuki Isobe",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7730-8634"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mirko Curti",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2678-2560"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Maiolino",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4985-3819"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Qiao Duan",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-8105-4564"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "William McClymont",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-5565-3790"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dávid Puskás",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8630-2031"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Francesco D'Eugenio",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2388-8172"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Pierluigi Rinaldi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5104-8245"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "James Trussler",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9081-2111"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jan Scholtz",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6010-6809"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Tobias J. Looser",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3642-2446"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Erica Nelson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xihan Ji",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-9502"
    },
    {
      "name": "Danial Langeroodi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5710-8395"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sandro Tacchella",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8224-4505"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Gareth C. Jones",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0267-9024"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ignas Juodžbalis",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-7423-8660"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Robert G. Pascalau",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9820-5773"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4512-8705"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Hannah Übler",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4891-0794"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Baker, William M."
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Andrew J. Bunker",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8651-9879"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Stefano Carniani",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6719-380X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "S. Charlot",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3458-2275"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Emma Curtis-Lake",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9551-0534"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sophia Geris",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2709-2913"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "M. Koller",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-1950-9112"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Jianwei Lyu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6221-1829"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Brant E. Robertson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4271-0364"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Christina C. Williams"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Zihao Wu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/602496krmwm75.bib",
  "cited_by": 23,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.11345",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "602496krmwm75",
  "issns": [
    "2331-8422"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11345",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7164418700",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.11345",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-09",
  "publisher": "Cornell University",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/602496krmwm75.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T13:20:45Z",
      "native_id": "W7164418700",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11345"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "JADES: the mass-metallicity relation at $z=1-10$. New calibrations, extremely metal-poor galaxies, and chemical diversity",
  "title_text": "JADES: the mass-metallicity relation at z=1−10. New calibrations, extremely metal-poor galaxies, and chemical diversity",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T13:20:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/602496krmwm75",
  "venue": "arXiv (Cornell University)",
  "versions": []
}