{
  "abstract": "Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with limited treatment options due to adverse effects and variable response rates. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as promising therapeutic agents owing to their biocompatibility. Although Panax ginseng exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, the role of ginseng-derived extracellular vesicles (GEs) in UC remains unclear. Methods: GEs were isolated and characterized. The therapeutic effects of GEs were evaluated in DSS-induced UC mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to profile colonic immune cells. In vitro experiments using RAW264.7 macrophages and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells were conducted to investigate macrophage polarization, glycolytic metabolism, histone lactylation, and barrier function. Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography. Results: GEs alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, restored tight junction proteins, and exhibited good biosafety. Single-cell sequencing revealed that GEs remodeled colonic macrophage subsets, reducing pro-inflammatory Ccl7 + macrophages while increasing Pmepa1 + and Vcam1 + populations, and suppressed glycolytic signatures. In vitro, GEs were internalized by macrophages, inhibited LPS-induced M1 polarization, downregulated GLUT1 and LDHA expression, and reduced ATP and lactate production. Mechanistically, GEs specifically decreased H3K18la enrichment at the IL6, TNFA, and INOS promoters, an effect reversed by exogenous lactate. Additionally, GEs restored gut dysbiosis and elevated levels of propionic, acetic, butyric, and isovaleric acids, which correlated with improved disease phenotypes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that GEs alleviate UC by inhibiting macrophage glycolysis, reducing H3K18la-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expression, protecting the intestinal barrier, and modulating the gut microbiota. These results offer new experimental support for GE-based UC therapy and establish a basis for mechanistic and translational follow-up studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Shenyang, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Shenyang, China; Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China",
    "School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China",
    "Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, China; Corresponding author.",
    "The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Shenyang, China; Corresponding author. The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO.155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, China.",
    "Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Etiology and Prevention, Shenyang, China; Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Corresponding author. Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuzhe Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ruipeng Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuan Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fang Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jianzhong Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shupeng Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Lina Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ye Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yanke Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/608dn0xsvf6ef.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101123",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226845326001491",
  "id": "608dn0xsvf6ef",
  "issns": [
    "1226-8453",
    "2093-4947"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101123",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
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      "lcc",
      "QK1-989"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "1311|Inflammatory Bowel Disease"
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  "openalex": "W7196986204",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711448?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13711448",
  "pmid": "42948586",
  "published": "2026-08-06",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/608dn0xsvf6ef.ris",
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      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1311|Inflammatory Bowel Disease",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
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  "title": "Ginseng-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate ulcerative colitis by regulating macrophage glycolytic reprogramming and H3K18la-mediated epigenetic modification",
  "title_text": "Ginseng-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate ulcerative colitis by regulating macrophage glycolytic reprogramming and H3K18la-mediated epigenetic modification",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/608dn0xsvf6ef",
  "venue": "Journal of Ginseng Research",
  "versions": []
}