{ "abstract": "Organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have rapidly emerged as a significant research area owing to their efficient triplet-state transitions, long-lived emission lifetimes, and oxygen-sensitive behavior. These features enable diverse applications in optoelectronics, biological imaging, information encryption, and anti-counterfeiting technologies. However, no review has comprehensively summarized the advances in this field. This review begins by outlining the fundamental mechanisms underlying RTP, with emphasis on intersystem crossing, triplet-state stabilization, and suppression of nonradiative decay pathways, followed by molecular design strategies for achieving efficient and long-lived RTP, particularly those involving aggregation modulation. Next, recent advances are surveyed across various material platforms, including single- and multi-component small molecules, dendrimers, polymers, supramolecular assemblies, and organic porous frameworks, in both crystalline and amorphous forms. Moreover, emerging multifunctional systems, such as clusterization-triggered phosphorescence, circularly polarized phosphorescence, and stimuli-responsive materials, are highlighted. Third, representative applications in anti-counterfeiting, sensing, bioimaging, biotherapy, and optoelectronic devices are critically examined to demonstrate the potential of RTP materials in next-generation smart systems. Finally, key challenges are addressed, including the trade-off between quantum yield and lifetime, oxygen quenching in biological environments, and the need for mechanistic insight via advanced spectroscopic and theoretical methods. In addition, future directions are proposed, such as developing color-tunable near-infrared RTP for deep-tissue imaging and integrating RTP into multifunctional device platforms.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China", "Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Aggregate Science, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China", "Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China", "State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China", "Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China", "School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China", "Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China", "Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China", "Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China", "Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0041, USA", "State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China", "Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, 90-543, Poland", "Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Osaka, Osaka, 5650871, Japan", "Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India", "Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China", "Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China", "Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China", "State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China", "Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China", "College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China", "School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China", "School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China", "Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China", "State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China", "College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China", "School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore", "School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China", "State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China", "Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK", "State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China" ], "article_type": null, "arxiv": null, "author_total": 51, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Dan Liu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7742-4368" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Zhengxu Cai", "orcid": "0000-0003-0239-9601" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Yuping Dong", "orcid": "0000-0001-7437-0678" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Jingyu Zhang" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Runfeng Chen", "orcid": "0000-0003-0222-0296" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Yi Chen", "orcid": "0000-0003-4885-6097" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Zhenzhen Xu" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Hongbing Fu" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Zikai He", "orcid": "0000-0001-9943-5677" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Jie Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-4801-7162" }, { "affs": [ 7, 6 ], "name": "Zhen Li", "orcid": "0000-0002-1512-1345" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Xiang Ma", "orcid": "0000-0002-8679-4491" }, { "affs": [ 9 ], "name": "Qi Sun", "orcid": "0000-0002-7518-9712" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Zhigang Shuai", "orcid": "0000-0003-3867-2331" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Zijian Chen", "orcid": "0009-0003-2849-8517" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Mengke Li" }, { "affs": [ 10 ], "name": "Shi‐Jian Su", "orcid": "0000-0002-6545-9002" }, { "affs": [ 11 ], "name": "Przemysław Data", "orcid": "0000-0002-1831-971X" }, { "affs": [ 12 ], "name": "Youhei Takeda", "orcid": "0000-0001-9103-4238" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Jusaina Eyyathiyil", "orcid": "0000-0002-9522-9195" }, { "affs": [ 13 ], "name": "Pakkirisamy Thilagar", "orcid": "0000-0001-9569-7733" }, { "affs": [ 14 ], "name": "He‐Lou Xie", "orcid": "0000-0003-4103-2634" }, { "affs": [ 15 ], "name": "Yu Xiong", "orcid": "0000-0003-3351-8503" }, { "affs": [ 16 ], "name": "Zhenhong Qi", "orcid": "0000-0002-1803-2313" }, { "affs": [ 16 ], "name": "Dongpeng Yan", "orcid": "0000-0001-8261-154X" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "Haichao Liu", "orcid": "0000-0001-9175-3371" }, { "affs": [ 17 ], "name": "Bing Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3515-0642" }, { "affs": [ 18 ], "name": "Zi Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-3953-0493" }, { "affs": [ 18 ], "name": "Chaolong Yang", "orcid": "0000-0003-3535-7918" }, { "affs": [ 19 ], "name": "Xinghuo Wang", "orcid": "0000-0002-2207-1067" }, { "affs": [ 20 ], "name": "Ying‐Wei Yang", "orcid": "0000-0001-8839-8161" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Xiang Chen" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Guangxin Yang" }, { "affs": [ 21 ], "name": "Wang Zhang Yuan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6340-3497" }, { "affs": [ 22 ], "name": "Shengnan Zou" }, { "affs": [ 22 ], "name": "Yong Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-9587-4039" }, { "affs": [ 23 ], "name": "Aoyuan Cheng", "orcid": "0000-0001-5722-0862" }, { "affs": [ 23 ], "name": "Guoqing Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5896-0483" }, { "affs": [ 24 ], "name": "Kaka Zhang", "orcid": "0000-0002-8176-6205" }, { "affs": [ 25, 3 ], "name": "Pengfei She", "orcid": "0000-0002-4246-1361" }, { "affs": [ 25, 3 ], "name": "Qiang Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0002-3788-4757" }, { "affs": [ 26 ], "name": "Jingjing Guo", "orcid": "0000-0002-3112-8221" }, { "affs": [ 26 ], "name": "Y ZHAO", "orcid": "0000-0002-4615-596X" }, { "affs": [ 27 ], "name": "Hao Sun", "orcid": "0009-0008-8432-4454" }, { "affs": [ 28 ], "name": "Liangliang Zhu", "orcid": "0000-0001-6268-3351" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Tao Wang", "orcid": "0000-0003-4200-3712" }, { "affs": [ 29 ], "name": "Eli Zysman‐Colman", "orcid": "0000-0001-7183-6022" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Parvej Alam", "orcid": "0000-0001-6534-4953" }, { "affs": [ 1 ], "name": "Zheng Zhao", "orcid": "0000-0002-5536-0439" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Ben Zhong Tang", "orcid": "0000-0002-0293-964X" }, { "affs": [ 30 ], "name": "Anjun Qin", "orcid": "0000-0001-7158-1808" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/620dp4pc8m870.bib", "cited_by": 9, "doi": "10.1007/s11426-025-3385-5", "fulltext_url": null, "id": "620dp4pc8m870", "issns": [ "1001-652X", "1006-9291", "1674-7291", "1862-2771", "1869-1870" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-025-3385-5", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY", "licence_label": "CC BY", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "openalex", "2505|Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials" ] ], "openalex": "W7168519207", "pdf_url": null, "pmcid": null, "pmid": null, "published": "2026-07-06", "publisher": "Springer Science+Business Media", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/620dp4pc8m870.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:27:00Z", "native_id": "W7168519207", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-025-3385-5" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "chemistry", "origin": "openalex:2505|Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials", "subfield": "materials-polymers" } ], "title": "Organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials", "title_text": "Organic room-temperature phosphorescence materials", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-05T13:21:13Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/620dp4pc8m870", "venue": "Science China Chemistry", "versions": [] }