{
  "abstract": "Background: Standard continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics summarize whole-day exposure but do not explicitly localize glycemic burden to nocturnal basal and daytime ambulatory domains. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate time-normalized domain metrics across oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived phenotypes and assess their relationships with established CGM measures, robustness, reproducibility, and incremental information. Methods: We analyzed paired OGTT and FreeStyle Libre data from 253 clinic participants. CGM was partitioned into 00:00–<06:00 and 06:00–<24:00 domains. Area of basal glycemia (ABG) and area of prandial/daytime ambulatory glycemia (APG) quantified mean nocturnal and daytime exposure; incremental ABG (iABG)/incremental APG (iAPG) and deficit ABG/deficit APG quantified above- and below-anchor exposure relative to 80/90 mg/dL. Participant-level phenotype comparisons, correlations, alternative-anchor and time-window sensitivity analyses, split-period agreement, covariate-adjusted models, repeated cross-validation, and conventional-category analyses were performed. Results: Corrected phenotype counts were NoDM 9, increased IR 7, midzone glycemia 26, prediabetes 78, and diabetes 133. Mean ABG/APG increased from 80.45/86.38 mg/dL in NoDM to 112.17/124.99 mg/dL in diabetes. Phenotype effects were significant for ABG (ε2 = 0.266), APG (0.371), iABG (0.282), and iAPG (0.390; all P < 0.001). iAPG correlated with HbA1c (rho = 0.751), OGTT area under the curve glucose (0.742), mean CGM glucose (0.986), time above range >180 mg/dL (0.858), and time >140 mg/dL (0.955). Findings were stable across alternative anchors and ± 1-h windows; ICC (A, 1) was 0.795 for APG and 0.788 for iAPG. Associations persisted after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index. Temporal-domain contrasts added only modest information beyond mean glucose and none after excluding diabetes. Conclusions: ABG/APG metrics reproducibly localize glycemic exposure to nocturnal and daytime domains. They complement rather than replace established whole-day CGM metrics and require prospective external validation and outcome benchmarking.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Suresh N. Shinde"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rituparna Suresh Shinde"
    },
    {
      "name": "Succhietra Yogesh Bhangaaley"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/62dmce96y8zmt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/ijdt.ijdt_35_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ovid.com/jnls/ijdt/fulltext/10.4103/ijdt.ijdt_35_26~domain-based-basal-and-daytime-ambulatory-glycemic-exposure",
  "id": "62dmce96y8zmt",
  "issns": [
    "2949-8457"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdt.ijdt_35_26",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diabetes Management and Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7162467463",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/62dmce96y8zmt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T14:21:40Z",
      "native_id": "10b9c739257e48f69dff3b62e7aba74b",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdt.ijdt_35_26"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2712|Diabetes Management and Research",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Domain-based Basal and Daytime Ambulatory Glycemic Exposure Metrics Derived from Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Real-world Clinic-based Study",
  "title_text": "Domain-based Basal and Daytime Ambulatory Glycemic Exposure Metrics Derived from Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Real-world Clinic-based Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T14:21:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/62dmce96y8zmt",
  "venue": "International Journal of Diabetes and Technology",
  "versions": []
}