{
  "abstract": "An important open question in quantum cryptography is the construction of publicly-verifiable NIZKs for QMA. Classically, one can construct NIZKs for NP in the random oracle model (and sometimes in the standard model) by compiling an honest-verifier ZK (HVZK) $Σ$-protocol for NP using the Fiat-Shamir transformation. Broadbent and Grilo introduced a quantum analog of a $Σ$-protocol (which they call a $Ξ$-protocol) in which the prover's first message is quantum, and show that HVZK $Ξ$-protocols exist for QMA. However, it is not clear how to compile such protocols into NIZKs in the (Q)ROM, because the Fiat-Shamir transformation seems to be incompatible with quantum messages. In this work we give formal evidence that this is indeed the case: we show that if generic \"Fiat-Shamir-like\" compilers for quantum protocols exist in the QROM (with small completeness and soundness error) then QMA = BQP.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.38387",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Nicholas Spooner"
    },
    {
      "name": "Max Tromanhauser"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/639a8c6nbfa9t.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.38387",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "639a8c6nbfa9t",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38387",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.CR"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1702|Cryptography and Data Security"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215068573",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.38387",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/639a8c6nbfa9t.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
      "native_id": "2609.38387",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38387"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "On Removing Interaction from Quantum Proofs",
  "title_text": "On Removing Interaction from Quantum Proofs",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:25:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/639a8c6nbfa9t",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}