{
  "abstract": "Purpose: To determine the Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its association with developmental delay in Korean preschool children. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children (NHSPIC). The study included 808,536 children born 2014–2018 who completed the 7th NHSPIC screening at 54–60 months. Development assessed by the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) in six domains (self-care, cognition, language, fine motor, gross motor, and sociality. Subnormal visual acuity (VA) was defined as <0.6 (or 0.63) in either eye. Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for developmental delay. Results: Of 808,536 children, 7,428 (0.92%) had a history of ROP. Children with ROP had lower birth weight and gestational age and higher frequencies of maternal complications and subnormal presenting VA. After adjustment for available maternal and child covariates, ROP was associated with higher odds of developmental delay across several domains, with adjusted ORs ranging from 1.35 for cognition (95% CI: 1.00–1.81) to 1.56 for gross motor development (95% CI: 1.18–2.07). In analyses stratified by ROP and presenting VA status, children. Conclusions: Children with a history of ROP showed higher odds of developmental delay at 54–60 months, especially when subnormal presenting visual acuity was also present. ROP may serve as a clinically useful marker of prematurity-related developmental vulnerability, supporting integrated ophthalmic and developmental surveillance before school entry.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Ophthalmology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea",
    "Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Tae-Eun Kim"
    },
    {
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Hye Won Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sanghyun Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hyun Jin Shin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/643xgxz10r9wm.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356773",
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    "1932-6203"
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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  "native_subjects": [
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      "2741|Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision/Visual acuity"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Eye diseases/Retinal disorders/Retinopathy/Retinopathy of prematurity"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Ophthalmology/Eye diseases/Retinal disorders/Retinopathy/Retinopathy of prematurity"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Ophthalmology/Visual impairments"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pediatrics/Child development"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Public and occupational health/Health screening"
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  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0356773&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-02",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
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  "subjects": [
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      "origin": "plos:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
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  "title": "Retinopathy of prematurity as a clinical marker of developmental vulnerability in preschool children: A nationwide Korean Health Screening study",
  "title_text": "Retinopathy of prematurity as a clinical marker of developmental vulnerability in preschool children: A nationwide Korean Health Screening study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/643xgxz10r9wm",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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