{
  "abstract": "ObjectiveTo characterize HIV-1 subtype distribution, transmission clustering, and associated demographic and temporal risk factors among newly diagnosed young men who have sex with men (MSM) aged <30 years in Hangzhou (2022–2024), comparing student and non-student subgroups.MethodsPol sequences from 857 newly diagnosed, ART-naive young MSM underwent phylogenetic, molecular transmission network, and Bayesian evolutionary analyses; intergroup differences were assessed with chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests and logistic regression.ResultsTwelve subtypes/CRFs were identified, with CRF07_BC (46.67%) and CRF01_AE (35.82%) dominant. At a 1.0% genetic distance, 249 of 857 cases (29.05%) formed 81 clusters; 62 suspected high-transmission-risk cases were predominantly CRF01_AE (54.84%). Both largest clusters were CRF01_AE, with posterior median Re above 1 in 2024 but wide 95% HPDs that included values below 1. Clustering risk was higher among cases registered elsewhere in Zhejiang Province (OR = 1.523, 95% CI: 1.041–2.230) and in the 20–24 years group (OR = 1.501, 95% CI: 1.094–2.061). This age group was also more likely to be classified as suspected high-transmission-risk cases (OR = 2.994, 95% CI: 1.483–6.047), as were cases with CRF01_AE infection relative to others/URFs (OR = 3.471, 95% CI: 1.271–9.479). Household registration in other cities of Zhejiang Province was associated with increased odds of others/URFs relative to CRF01_AE infection (OR = 1.837, 95% CI: 1.130–2.986, p = 0.014), compared with household registration outside Zhejiang Province. Student status was not observed to be associated with clustering or high-transmission-risk classification.ConclusionHangzhou’s young-MSM epidemic is genetically diverse; two CRF01_AE clusters sustained transmission risk (posterior median Re > 1 in 2024) after 3–6 years of local circulation. Prevention should target the broader young MSM population, not students alone.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Original Research",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yongfang Hu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ke Xu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xianglian Lv"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xingliang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhou Sun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jun Shou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qin Fan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jiafeng Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiangjie Meng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/64zdh44tv0c7s.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1998225",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "64zdh44tv0c7s",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1998225",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "medicine/epidemiology-public-health"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/64zdh44tv0c7s.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T18:21:02Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1998225",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1998225"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T00:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1998225",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1998225/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "feed-journal:medicine/epidemiology-public-health",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Molecular epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hangzhou, 2022–2024",
  "title_text": "Molecular epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 among young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hangzhou, 2022–2024",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T00:23:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/64zdh44tv0c7s",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Public Health",
  "versions": []
}