{
  "abstract": "Managing Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection control is a formidable challenge in family practice. In vulnerable patients, such as those with autoimmune neutropenia (AIN), the risk of chronic recurrence is exceptionally high. We present a 10-month-old infant with AIN who suffered recurrent skin and soft tissue infections caused by PVL-positive MRSA. Given the limited efficacy of standard antimicrobial therapy in this immunocompromised host, we shifted our strategy from conventional decolonization to systematic environmental stabilization, addressing the colonization pressure inherent in community-acquired MRSA. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model, we conceptualized infection control through nested environmental levels: the microsystem (biological synergy between AIN and PVL), mesosystem (household hygiene), exosystem (parental workplaces), and macrosystem (global endemicity). Given the rise in antimicrobial resistance and the shift toward stringent stewardship, integrating an ecological model is essential in the era of hypervirulent PVL-positive MRSA.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan",
    "Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases and Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan",
    "Uniconomori Baby and Kid’s Clinic, Hyogo, Japan",
    "Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": "case report",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kenichiro Kobayashi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Takumi Sato"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Aiko Aoyama"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ikuya Usami"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shigeru Fujimura"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yusei Ohshima"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6536yvyv099zz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_686_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722259/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "6536yvyv099zz",
  "issns": [
    "2249-4863",
    "2278-7135"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722259",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Case Report"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220856276",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722259/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722259",
  "pmid": "42965229",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6536yvyv099zz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13722259",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722259"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722259",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_686_26"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Environmental stabilization for recurrent Panton–Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in an infant with autoimmune neutropenia: A case report applying Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model",
  "title_text": "Environmental stabilization for recurrent Panton–Valentine leukocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in an infant with autoimmune neutropenia: A case report applying Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6536yvyv099zz",
  "venue": "Journal of family medicine and primary care",
  "versions": []
}