{
  "abstract": "While preserving skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is advocated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), mass-based assessments often overlook muscle quality. This study aimed to investigate whether the balance between cellular integrity (phase angle [PhA]) and metabolic load (body fat mass [BFM]) is more clinically relevant to glycemic control than SMM-based profiling in patients with T2DM. In this cross-sectional study of 622 patients, participants were stratified into four groups based on sex-specific medians of PhA and BFM, and similarly for SMM and BFM. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated associations with glycemic targets (HbA1c <8.0% and <7.0%), adjusting for confounders. Sensitivity analyses utilized continuous Z-scores and interaction terms. High-PhA/High-BFM and High-PhA/Low-BFM groups showed significantly higher odds of HbA1c <8.0% compared with the Low-PhA/High-BFM reference group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-3.44; OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.21-3.64, respectively). Conversely, SMM/BFM combinations showed no significant associations. Neither profile was significantly associated with the stricter HbA1c <7.0% target. In continuous models, the PhA × BFM interaction was significantly associated with achievement of HbA1c <8.0% (p = 0.025), whereas SMM × BFM interaction was not. In conclusion, the PhA/BFM interplay shows a clearer association with glycemic control than SMM/BFM profiling in T2DM. Higher PhA may reflect a more favorable metabolic phenotype against adiposity and is associated with a lower likelihood of severe hyperglycemia (HbA1c ≥8.0%). PhA/BFM profiling offers a novel approach to identify high-risk patients overlooked by conventional mass-based assessments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Shuhei Nakanishi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Masashi Shimoda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tomohiko Kimura"
    },
    {
      "name": "Junpei Sanada"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yoshiro Fushimi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuichiro Iwamoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Masato Kubo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ryo Inaba"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yui Okamoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hideyuki Iwamoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kohei Kaku"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hideaki Kaneto"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/659sv8kkbykz9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1507/endocrj.ej26-0238",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ26-0238/_article",
  "id": "659sv8kkbykz9",
  "issns": [
    "1348-4540",
    "0918-8959"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ26-0238/_article",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "jstage-journal",
      "medicine/endocrinology-metabolism"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Body Composition Measurement Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204184133",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ26-0238/_pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/659sv8kkbykz9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "10.1507/endocrj.ej26-0238",
      "source": "jstage",
      "url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/advpub/0/advpub_EJ26-0238/_article"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Body Composition Measurement Techniques",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association of phase angle versus skeletal muscle mass profiling with body fat mass in relation to glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study",
  "title_text": "Association of phase angle versus skeletal muscle mass profiling with body fat mass in relation to glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/659sv8kkbykz9",
  "venue": "Endocrine Journal",
  "versions": []
}