{
  "abstract": "Background: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is linked to adiposity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, but nationally representative evidence on the shape of the continuous SHBG-HbA1c association in reproductive-age women remains limited. Methods: We analyzed NHANES August 2021-August 2023 data for nonpregnant women aged 20-44 years (n=843). Survey-weighted linear regression related log-transformed SHBG to continuous HbA1c, with quadratic and spline tests for nonlinearity and tests for age modification. Forty biomarkers in hormone, biochemical, hematologic and inflammation/lipid blocks were analyzed by multiple factor analysis, sparse PLS and LASSO with bootstrap stability selection, with nested cross-validation. Results: After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, poverty-income ratio and BMI, ln(SHBG) was inversely associated with HbA1c (beta=-0.1454, P=0.00083). Quadratic (P=0.00386) and spline (P=0.00236) tests supported nonlinearity, with a steeper slope at lower SHBG. The ln(SHBG)-by-age interaction was significant (P=0.0169). Adjustment for BMI, waist circumference and HOMA-IR attenuated the coefficient by 43.7%, 48.1% and about 55%. SHBG remained associated with HbA1c after conditioning on leading biomarker axes (beta=-0.1062, P=0.00342) and was selected in 98.8% of 500 LASSO bootstrap resamples. Nested cross-validation gave out-of-fold R^2 of 0.1298, 0.2136 and 0.2392 for clinical, biomarker and combined models. Conclusions: Higher SHBG was associated with lower HbA1c in a nonlinear pattern among reproductive-age women. The association overlapped with adiposity and insulin resistance but persisted after adjustment. The cross-sectional design and limited fasting subsample preclude causal or clinical interpretation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.37675",
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ruilin Miao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/65vt60ed435je.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.37675",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "65vt60ed435je",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37675",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "q-bio.QM"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.37675",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-10",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/65vt60ed435je.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:36:36Z",
      "native_id": "2610.37675",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.37675"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "arxiv:q-bio.QM",
      "subfield": "bioinformatics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin with Glycated Hemoglobin and Multidimensional Biomarker Structure in Reproductive-Age Women: An Analysis Based on NHANES 2021--2023",
  "title_text": "Association of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin with Glycated Hemoglobin and Multidimensional Biomarker Structure in Reproductive-Age Women: An Analysis Based on NHANES 2021--2023",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:20:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/65vt60ed435je",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}