{
  "abstract": "Objectives: Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use remains highly prevalent among older outpatients, yet individualized risk prediction tools are limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a PIM risk prediction model incorporating a novel disease-weighted index. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted using 131,894 outpatient prescriptions from 59 medical institutions in China. Diagnoses were mapped to ICD-10 codes. A PIM Risk-Related Comorbidity Index (PRCI) was developed using multivariable logistic regression and coefficient-weighted scoring. A prediction model was constructed and internally validated using a 6:4 split-sample approach. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were assessed using ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. Results: The proportion of prescriptions containing at least one PIM was 29.0%. Polypharmacy showed a strong dose–response relationship with PIM risk. The PRCI was independently associated with PIM (OR = 1.07 per unit increase). The final model demonstrated good discrimination (AUC = 0.775 in training and 0.773 in validation), satisfactory calibration, and favorable clinical utility. A cutoff probability of 0.304 stratified prescriptions into high- and low-risk groups. Conclusions: The PRCI-based model provides an individualized and clinically applicable tool for identifying older outpatient prescriptions at high risk of containing PIMs, supporting proactive medication safety management.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhaoyan Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Congjun Zhou",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-3501-1147"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yongfei Dong",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-1290-1156"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cairong Zhu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6795-582X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6635t4fdya7d6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15197675",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6635t4fdya7d6",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/19/7675",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2717|Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220383874",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-04",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6635t4fdya7d6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:00Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15197675",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/19/7675"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2717|Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A PRCI-Based Individualized Risk Prediction Model for Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Older Outpatients",
  "title_text": "A PRCI-Based Individualized Risk Prediction Model for Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Older Outpatients",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6635t4fdya7d6",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}