{
  "abstract": "Postprandial glucose responses differ greatly between meals, which complicates the identification of individual glucose response traits in free-living conditions. We analysed 50,463 free-living meals from 992 adults without diagnosed diabetes using a multivariate mixed-effects machine-learning framework and evaluated transfer to 4,524 standardized meals excluded from training. This model separated the population-shared from participant-specific patterns across four joint glucose response outcomes. Within-individual variability dominated free-living responses, yet the between-individual variation was concentrated in two dimensions. The dominant axis represented an overall tendency toward larger glucose excursions. The second axis reflected carbohydrate responsiveness with lower late glucose elevations. Dominant-axis scores were reproducible across non-overlapping meal subsets and associated with held-out standardized-meal responses, beyond age, sex, BMI, and glucose mean and variability. Dominant-axis scores estimated from 3 days of monitoring approximated those estimated from 14 days. These findings support short-term monitoring to measure glucose response individuality and identify a candidate coordinate for stratification.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "M. Toumi"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Salathe"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6667gaw953nxm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.14.26362991",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362991v1.full",
  "id": "6667gaw953nxm",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362991v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "nutrition"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2712|Diabetes Management and Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212032101",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362991v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-14",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6667gaw953nxm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:37Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.14.26362991",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.14.26362991v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:nutrition",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Short-term postprandial glucose monitoring reveals stable traits from noisy free-living meals",
  "title_text": "Short-term postprandial glucose monitoring reveals stable traits from noisy free-living meals",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6667gaw953nxm",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}