{
  "abstract": "Visual working memory (VWM) and attention interact bi-directionally: external cues modulate the selection of stimuli in VWM, while active representations in VWM can guide attention. However, the neural mechanisms underlying VWM, attention, and their interconnection remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated functional mechanics of VWM and the role of attention in VWM using a visual change detection task. We recorded brain responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the effects of spatial attention (left vs. right pre-cue), change (present vs. absent), memory load (1, 2 or 4 line orientations while controlling for the number of stimuli), and memory precision demand (15°, 30° or 60° orientation changes). As expected, behavioral performance systematically decreased as the memory load increased or degree of orientation change decreased. Analysis of variance of fMRI activations revealed significant main effects of attention, load, and change across 164 brain areas (determined by Human Connectome Project parcellation), whereas all interaction effects were non-significant. Notably, ca. 75% of these areas exhibited only a single main effect, while two or three main effects converged in 21 parietal, 15 occipital, and 2 frontal areas. Absence of significant interaction effects, combined with multi-feature processing confined to a few fronto-parietal and occipital areas, highlights a largely segregated functional architecture for attention and VWM.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Jenna Laakkonen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chaoxiong Ye"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lijing Guo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dan Nie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kimmo Alho"
    },
    {
      "name": "Viljami Salmela"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/66hspdr2wqrnr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/r7gvn_v1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "66hspdr2wqrnr",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/r7gvn_v1/",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "bepress",
      "Cognitive Neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Cognitive Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2805|Visual perception and processing mechanisms"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223038518",
  "pdf_url": "https://osf.io/r7gvn/download",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/66hspdr2wqrnr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
      "native_id": "r7gvn",
      "source": "osf",
      "url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/r7gvn_v1/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "bepress:Cognitive Neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Brain activity associated with working memory load and spatial attention during visual change detection",
  "title_text": "Brain activity associated with working memory load and spatial attention during visual change detection",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/66hspdr2wqrnr",
  "venue": "PsyArXiv",
  "versions": []
}