{
  "abstract": "This study analyzed bioactive-phytoconstituents of the n-hexane fraction of Cassia fistula L. fruit extract using HPLC-DAD and investigated its anticancer potential using several biochemical and molecular methods, such as cell viability, induction of apoptosis, aberrant cell cycle progression, changes in the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic genes, and others. HPLC analysis revealed the possible presence of quercetin and kaempferol alongside catechin, rutin, caffeic acid, orientin, and iso-orientin. We observed a dose-dependent decline in cell viability in MCF-7 cell line with IC₅₀ concentration of 99.7 μg/mL. The morphological alteration and wound healing assay indicated the presence of morphologically altered cells and non-significant closure of the wound in the IC50 treated cells. Moreover, flow cytometry investigations revealed rise in apoptotic cells (from 5% to 29%), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (+17%), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss (from 23% to 13%), and cell cycle perturbation characterized by accumulation of cells in both G₀/G₁ (from 17.2% to 37.4%) and G2/M-phases (from 11.6% control 24%). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the upregulation of the p53 (4-fold) and Bax (4.5-fold) genes, as well as downregulation of Bcl-2 (2.5-fold) gene. Our findings highlight the anticancer efficacy of the n-hexane fruit extract of C. fistula L. However, further validation is required in a suitable in-vivo/xenograft model so that this potent plant can be exploited clinically, especially against breast cancer.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Institute of Genomic Medicine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Special Infectious Agents Unit - BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Iftikhar Ahmad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ehab M M Ali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Torki A Zughaibi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mohammad Hassan Alhashmi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Syed Kashif Zaidi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sayed Sartaj Sohrab"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Alaa Ms Khedr"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shams Tabrez"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/66tkekk7ey908.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102844",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695316",
  "id": "66tkekk7ey908",
  "issns": [
    "2405-5808"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42927353",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Medicinal Plant Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223004640",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695316?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13695316",
  "pmid": "42927353",
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/66tkekk7ey908.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42927353",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42927353"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Medicinal Plant Research",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Apoptosis-inducing potential of the hexane fraction of Cassia fistula L. against MCF-7 cells via apoptosis signaling pathways.",
  "title_text": "Apoptosis-inducing potential of the hexane fraction of Cassia fistula L. against MCF-7 cells via apoptosis signaling pathways.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/66tkekk7ey908",
  "venue": "Biochemistry and biophysics reports",
  "versions": []
}