{
  "abstract": "Sepsis mimics resemble sepsis clinically but may require different treatments. We evaluated whether inflammatory protein profiles could distinguish these conditions in a retrospective case-control study using 4 prospective Japanese cohorts. The study included 34 adults with sepsis and 46 with sepsis mimics. We measured 92 proteins using Olink, assessed between-group differences with false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment, and evaluated 3 prediction models using repeated nested cross-validation. No protein met the FDR threshold; the lowest FDR-adjusted P value was 0.345. The primary elastic-net model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.442 (95% confidence interval, 0.315-0.574), based on cross-validation predictions averaged for each participant. Random forest and gradient boosting also showed no clear evidence of discrimination above chance. Confidence intervals included chance performance in both the all-serum and quality-control-Pass sensitivity analyses. In this cohort, a single measurement of an inflammation-focused protein panel showed limited discrimination between sepsis and sepsis mimics. Integration with clinical information and longitudinal measurements warrants further investigation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "D. Kasugai"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Onizuka"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Numaguchi"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Yamamoto"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Kato"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Sumiyoshi"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Fukui"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Koga"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Kawakami"
    },
    {
      "name": "W. Fujii"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Kawahito"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Maruyama"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. Shimamura"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/677k6y6a10wz8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.10.26365202",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.10.26365202v1.full",
  "id": "677k6y6a10wz8",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.10.26365202v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "intensive care and critical care medicine"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221511766",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.10.26365202v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-10",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/677k6y6a10wz8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:44Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.10.26365202",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.10.26365202v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Inflammatory protein profiling shows limited ability to distinguish sepsis from sepsis mimics",
  "title_text": "Inflammatory protein profiling shows limited ability to distinguish sepsis from sepsis mimics",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/677k6y6a10wz8",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}