{
  "abstract": "Biochar application is recognized as a promising strategy for enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration, yet its influence on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions under a warming climate remains inadequately understood. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 2079 paired observations from 32 peer-reviewed publications to quantify the responses of CO2 emissions in biochar-amended soils to warming and to identify their key drivers. Overall, warming increased CO2 emissions in biochar-amended soils by 77% on average, with a 117.5% increase in croplands and a 30.9% increase in forests. The effect was strongest for woody biochars, intermediate for crop-derived biochars, and weakest for grass-derived biochars. Increases in CO2 emissions were positively associated with warming magnitude, biochar characteristics, and soil properties. Warming magnitude was the dominant driver, followed by biochar application rate, soil C/N ratio, and biochar C/N ratio. The relative importance of these secondary drivers varies across cropland and forest ecosystems. These findings indicate that the climate mitigation potential of biochar may be overestimated if warming-induced C losses are ignored in biochar-amended cropland soil. To enhance the resilience of biochar applications, context-specific strategies should prioritize non-woody feedstocks, lower pyrolysis temperatures, and moderate application rates, particularly in vulnerable cropland systems. It is necessary to integrate the warming effects into biochar life-cycle assessments and soil C management frameworks to ensure realistic projections of its role in climate mitigation and carbon sequestration, particularly in cropland ecosystems under warming conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China",
    "Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China",
    "School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, 611730, China",
    "School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China",
    "Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA",
    "Scion Group, New Zealand Institute of Bioeconomy Science, PO Box 29237, Riccarton, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand",
    "National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China",
    "Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 310023, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tongyu Xu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9284-649X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qiufeng Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yan Lei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Amit Kumar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Dafeng Hui",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5284-2897"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Jianming Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shengdao Shan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yongfu Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8324-5606"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Hepeng Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8779-9553"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Junjie Lin",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0955-3106"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67822s2nyf373.bib",
  "cited_by": 21,
  "doi": "10.1007/s42773-026-00628-6",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "67822s2nyf373",
  "issns": [
    "2524-7867",
    "2524-7972"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00628-6",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1111|Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163586998",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-04",
  "publisher": "Springer Nature",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67822s2nyf373.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:50Z",
      "native_id": "W7163586998",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-026-00628-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1111|Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Warming increases CO2 emissions in biochar-amended cropland soil",
  "title_text": "Warming increases CO2 emissions in biochar-amended cropland soil",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T13:20:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67822s2nyf373",
  "venue": "Biochar",
  "versions": []
}