{
  "abstract": "While nearly three-quarters of the globe use safely managed drinking water services, water quality can deteriorate between the point of service provision and point of consumption due to intermittent supply and the need to store water at the household level. To test if water storage contributes to waterborne pathogen hazards, we estimated prevalence and concentration of enteric pathogens in piped and stored drinking water samples in Beira, Mozambique, using large-volume sampling methods. We assessed water sample concentrates for microbial contamination from bacterial, protozoan, viral, helminthic, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and microbial source tracking targets with RT-qPCR using a custom TaqMan Array Card. We found that enteric pathogens, AMR targets, and human mtDNA were more prevalent in stored drinking water compared to household tap water. We also detected enteric pathogens— including Cryptosporidium, Giardia, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and rotavirus— directly from 13% (11/87) of piped sources connected to a well-managed, but intermittent, water supply system, albeit less frequently than in stored water. These findings suggest that without continuity in service delivery combined with effective filtration treatment in piped supplies and safe storage microbial contamination of drinking water at the point of use may continue to occur.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America",
    "Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America",
    "Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America",
    "Laboratório de Higiene de Águas e Alimentos, Beira, Mozambique",
    "Autoridade Reguladora de Água e Saneamento (AURA, IP), Beira, Mozambique",
    "Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yarrow Linden"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Erin Kowalsky"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kevin Zhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Christine Fagnant-Sperati"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sandra McGunegill"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Arnaldo Cumbana"
    },
    {
      "name": "Magalhães Mangamela"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rassul Nalá"
    },
    {
      "name": "Matthew C. Freeman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karen Levy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joe Brown"
    },
    {
      "name": "The PAASIM Study Authorship Consortium"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67d5f5616x7rw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pwat.0000523",
  "fulltext_url": "https://journals.plos.org/water/article?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000523",
  "id": "67d5f5616x7rw",
  "issns": [
    "2767-3219"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://journals.plos.org/water/article?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000523",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Fecal contamination and water quality"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Bacteria/Enterobacteriaceae/Escherichia/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Bacteria/Gut bacteria/Escherichia/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Protozoans/Cryptosporidium"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Protozoans/Parasitic protozoans/Cryptosporidium"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Earth sciences/Seasons"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Natural resources/Water resources"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Water quality"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Engineering and technology/Environmental engineering/Water management"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Bacterial pathogens/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical elements/Chlorine"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Model organisms/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Prokaryotic models/Escherichia coli"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Model organisms/Escherichia coli"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221799012",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/water/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000523&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67d5f5616x7rw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pwat.0000523",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://journals.plos.org/water/article?id=10.1371/journal.pwat.0000523"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Household water storage compromises drinking water safety in a “safely managed” system",
  "title_text": "Household water storage compromises drinking water safety in a “safely managed” system",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67d5f5616x7rw",
  "venue": "PLOS Water",
  "versions": []
}