{
  "abstract": "Background: Central nervous system (CNS) diseases remain therapeutic challenges due to complex pathology and poor drug penetration across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Ginsenosides, the active components of Panax ginseng , possess multi-target neuroprotective properties but exhibit low bioavailability. Purpose: This review synthesizes current evidence on ginsenoside mechanisms and evaluates the role of nanotechnology in enhancing their delivery and efficacy for CNS disorders. Study design: A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Google Scholar (2015–present). Included studies investigated ginsenosides in neurological disease models and nano-formulation strategies. Results: Ginsenosides modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis through pathways involving NF-κB, Nrf2, and Bcl-2/Bax. Nano-delivery systems—such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and biomimetic vesicles—significantly improve ginsenoside stability, BBB traversal, and brain-targeted accumulation. Functionalization with ligands (e.g., Angiopep-2) or cell membranes further enhances specificity and therapeutic outcomes in ischemic stroke, glioma, Alzheimer's disease, and spinal cord injury models. Conclusion: Nanotechnology-based delivery systems potently augment the neuroprotective potential of ginsenosides, offering a promising strategy for multi-target CNS therapy. Future efforts should focus on translational safety, scalable production, and clinical validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China",
    "Department of Interventional Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China",
    "Institute of Health Professions Education Assessment and Reform, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China; Corresponding author.",
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, PR China; Corresponding author."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Linhan Li"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yan Yu"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinlin Fan"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Naibo Zhang"
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    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiashuo Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Honghe Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jian Zheng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67j6h03vqywfc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jgr.2026.101149",
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  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
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  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
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  "pmcid": "PMC13711403",
  "pmid": "42948208",
  "published": "2026-08-24",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67j6h03vqywfc.ris",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
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  ],
  "title": "Multifaceted neuroprotection of ginsenosides: Mechanisms, nano-delivery advances, and therapeutic potential in central nervous system disorders",
  "title_text": "Multifaceted neuroprotection of ginsenosides: Mechanisms, nano-delivery advances, and therapeutic potential in central nervous system disorders",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/67j6h03vqywfc",
  "venue": "Journal of Ginseng Research",
  "versions": []
}