{
  "abstract": "Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an increasingly recognized cause of serious respiratory illness in adults, yet data from middle-income countries remain scarce. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes of RSV and influenza virus infections in hospitalized and outpatient adults in Türkiye. Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included 3299 adult patients (≥18 years) with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed RSV ( n = 628) or influenza ( n = 2671) from 21 centers across Türkiye between January 2022 and March 2024. The primary outcome was viral infection–related hospitalization. The secondary composite outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or 30-day mortality among hospitalized patients. Propensity score–based overlap weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences including age, risk group, clinical severity, co-infection status, and study center. Results: After overlap weighting, RSV infection was not significantly associated with increased hospitalization risk compared to influenza (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-1.20, P = 0.705). Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the composite outcome of ICU admission or 30-day mortality (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.95-2.05, P = 0.088). Age ≥60 years, high-risk comorbidities, and severe acute respiratory infection presentation were the primary independent predictors of both hospitalization and worse outcomes. Bacterial or fungal co-infections and secondary infections were observed in 12.9% and 7.3% of hospitalized patients, respectively, with no significant difference between RSV and influenza groups. Conclusion: After adjustment for baseline characteristics, RSV and influenza were associated with comparable risks of hospitalization and severe clinical outcomes in adults. Host-related factors, particularly older age and underlying comorbidities, were the dominant determinants of adverse outcomes. These findings from a largely unvaccinated, middle-income country cohort highlight the need to expand RSV and influenza vaccination programs targeting high-risk adult populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye; Corresponding author: İrem Akdemir, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06610, Türkiye.",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Koç University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Acıbadem Healthcare Group, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Türkiye",
    "Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Anadolu Medical Center, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Acıbadem Healthcare Group, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 53,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
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      "name": "İrem Akdemir"
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    {
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      "name": "Hasan Selçuk Özger"
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        2
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      "name": "Tuğba Akkaya Hocagil"
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    {
      "affs": [
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      "name": "Bircan Kayaaslan"
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    {
      "affs": [
        4
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      "name": "Handan Alay"
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      "affs": [
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      "name": "Özge Özgen Top"
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    {
      "affs": [
        6
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      "name": "Esra Kazak"
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      "affs": [
        7
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      "name": "Gamze Kalın Ünüvar"
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    {
      "affs": [
        8
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      "name": "Ayşe Erbay"
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    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Güle Çınar"
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    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Sesin Kocagöz"
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      "affs": [
        11
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      "name": "Birsen Mutlu"
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    {
      "affs": [
        12
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      "name": "Yasemin Çakır"
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        13
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      "name": "Çiğdem Mermutluoğlu"
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      "affs": [
        14
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      "name": "Funda Memişoğlu"
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    {
      "affs": [
        15
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      "name": "Seçil Deniz"
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        16
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      "name": "Serap Şimşek Yavuz"
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    {
      "affs": [
        17
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      "name": "Sema Alp"
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    {
      "affs": [
        18
      ],
      "name": "Derya Korkmaz"
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    {
      "affs": [
        19
      ],
      "name": "Heval Can Bilek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        20
      ],
      "name": "Ayşegül İnci Sezen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        21
      ],
      "name": "Faruk Karakeçili"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        22
      ],
      "name": "Neşe Saltoğlu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        23
      ],
      "name": "Elif Hakko"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        24
      ],
      "name": "Bedia Dinç"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        25
      ],
      "name": "Hamidullah Uyanık"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        26
      ],
      "name": "Gülendam Bozdayı"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        27
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      "name": "Harun Ağca"
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    {
      "affs": [
        28
      ],
      "name": "Ömür Mustafa Parkan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        29
      ],
      "name": "Zeynep Ceren Karahan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        30
      ],
      "name": "Neval Yurttutan"
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    {
      "affs": [
        31
      ],
      "name": "Aynur Karadenizli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        32
      ],
      "name": "Murşit Hasbek"
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    {
      "affs": [
        33
      ],
      "name": "Nida Özcan"
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    {
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        34
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      "name": "Barış Otlu"
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    {
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        35
      ],
      "name": "İlknur Kaleli"
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    {
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      "name": "Sevim Meşe"
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    {
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        37
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      "name": "Arzu Sayıner"
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    {
      "affs": [
        38
      ],
      "name": "Yeliz Çetinkol"
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    {
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        39
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      "name": "Yeliz Tanrıverdi Çaycı"
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    {
      "name": "Fatma Bayrak Erdem"
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    {
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    {
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    {
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      "name": "Elif Naz Elmacı"
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      "name": "Kerem Sancar"
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      "name": "Berivan Şahin"
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      "name": "Gülay Korukluoğlu"
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      "name": "Sibel Aydoğan"
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      "name": "Şebnem Eren Gök"
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        9
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      "name": "Alpay Azap"
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/68pnqa4rpskgg.bib",
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  "doi": "10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109071",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S120197122600706X",
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  "issns": [
    "1201-9712",
    "1878-3511"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109071",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "openalex",
      "2713|Respiratory viral infections research"
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  "openalex": "W7204225730",
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  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/68pnqa4rpskgg.ris",
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      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:31Z",
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      "origin": "openalex:2713|Respiratory viral infections research",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
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  "title": "Comparison of clinical outcomes associated with RSV and influenza infections in adults: a multicenter study from Türkiye (for AP-TR)",
  "title_text": "Comparison of clinical outcomes associated with RSV and influenza infections in adults: a multicenter study from Türkiye (for AP-TR)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/68pnqa4rpskgg",
  "venue": "International Journal of Infectious Diseases",
  "versions": []
}