{
  "abstract": "Purpose: Although tobacco use and occupational exposures are established risk factors for urothelial cancer (UC), the influence of dietary factors remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize evidence from prospective cohort studies examining associations between dietary exposures and UC incidence.\n\nMethods: A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (May 2025) was performed to identify prospective studies evaluating dietary factors with UC incidence. The risk of bias was assessed using standard tools (CRD420251043101).\n\nResults: From 6253 records screened, 32 prospective cohort studies were included, encompassing 2 277 677 participants. Investigated exposures included fluid intake (four studies, n = 562 038), coffee (four, n = 1 013 624), milk (three, n = 613 141), tea (three, n = 532 949), alcohol (three, n = 694 585), fruits (three, n = 597 753), vegetables (three, n = 555 685), protein (two, n = 469 339), fibre (two, n = 466 577), and cruciferous vegetables (two, n = 1 071 313). Only one study specifically assessed upper tract urothelial carcinoma (n = 80 388). Two studies suggested a borderline inverse association between high fluid intake and bladder cancer (BC) risk (upper 95% confidence interval >0.95), whereas two others found no such association. Three of four coffee studies reported no significant association after adjustment for smoking; one reported a modest increased risk. Fruit and vegetable intake showed modest inverse associations with BC risk in three studies. Most included studies were at moderate risk of bias, and residual confounding—particularly by smoking—remains a concern.\n\nConclusion: Available evidence does not support a strong or consistent association between dietary factors and BC incidence. Although a healthy diet is beneficial for overall well‐being, patients should be informed that dietary modifications alone are unlikely to meaningfully alter their BC risk.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Austrian Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria",
    "Department of Urology The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan",
    "Collegium Medicum – Faculty of Medicine WSB University Dąbrowa Górnicza Poland",
    "Department of Urology Medical University Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany",
    "Department of Urology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan",
    "Second Department of Urology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland",
    "Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences University College London London UK",
    "Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology University of Montréal Health Center Montréal QC Canada",
    "S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong",
    "Department of Urology, San Raffaele Hospital Vita‐Salute University Milan Italy",
    "Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta Alberta Health Services Calgary AB Canada",
    "Department of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada",
    "Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria",
    "Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA",
    "Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology Vienna Austria",
    "Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA",
    "Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA",
    "Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al‐Ahliyya Amman University Amman Jordan"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Keiichiro Miyajima"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Marcin Miszczyk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Navid Roessler",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-2792-9828"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Shota Inoue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Paweł Rajwa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Akihiro Matsukawa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fumihiko Urabe",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2599-8183"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Keiichiro Mori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Takafumi Yanagisawa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7410-0712"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Pierre I. Karakiewicz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Jeremy Yuen‐Chun Teoh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Alberto Briganti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Lin Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Eva Schernhammer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Takahiro Kimura",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5673-1553"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        14,
        15,
        16,
        17
      ],
      "name": "Shahrokh F. Shariat"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/68xbpayphja0e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/bju.70435",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13741108/",
  "id": "68xbpayphja0e",
  "issns": [
    "1464-4096",
    "1464-410X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.70435",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Nutritional Studies and Diet"
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  "openalex": "W7204119643",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bju.70435",
  "pmcid": "PMC13741108",
  "pmid": "42634248",
  "published": "2026-08-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/68xbpayphja0e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:22:14Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13741108",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.70435"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Nutritional Studies and Diet",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
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  ],
  "title": "Diet and risk of bladder cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence",
  "title_text": "Diet and risk of bladder cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:22:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/68xbpayphja0e",
  "venue": "Bju International",
  "versions": []
}