{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Endothelial cell density (ECD) and vault height are essential safety metrics in implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery, yet their reported decay rates vary. This study assessed short- and long-term changes in ECD and vault height. Methods: Medical records of patients undergoing V4c ICL implantation between 2014 and 2024 were reviewed. ECD loss was evaluated across three periods: early (baseline to 6 months), late (6 months to last visit), and total (baseline to last visit). Vault was measured at day 1 and months 3, 6, 12, and the last visit and decay rate was calculated for the entire follow-up period. Results: A total of 631 eyes of 323 patients were analyzed. The early, late, and total ECD losses per year were 1.81 ± 8.56% (95% CI 0.43 to 3.19), 0.68 ± 2.11% (95% CI 0.34 to 1.03), and 1.21 ± 2.58% (95% CI 0.83 to 1.59), respectively. The ECD loss rate was not correlated with vault. Vault decreased rapidly during the first 3 postoperative months (-178.0 µm/year; 95% CI, -211.4 to -144.6; p < 0.001), followed by a substantially slower but still significant decline (-19.1 µm/year; 95% CI, -23.9 to -14.2; p < 0.001). The difference between the early and late slopes was significant (p < 0.001). The vault decay rate was 6.80 ± 10.41% (95% CI, 5.48 to 8.13%) per year and was not associated with ICL size or anterior chamber depth. Conclusions: ECD loss was greatest and most variable during the first 6 months postoperatively. Thereafter, a slower sustained decline was observed. Vault decay showed a biphasic pattern, with a relatively rapid decrease during the first 3 postoperative months and a significantly slower long-term decline.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Research and Development Center CREO, Clinical Ophthalmology Center SPEKTRUM, Zaolzianska 4, 53-334 Wroclaw, Poland.",
    "Department of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maria Muzyka-Woźniak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4666-2400"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Adam Oleszko",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9490-3352"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Malwina Terlecka"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/69rqe90g4rsn9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/medsci14060656",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13706799",
  "id": "69rqe90g4rsn9",
  "issns": [
    "2076-3271"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930575",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2731|Intraocular Surgery and Lenses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221181866",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13706799?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13706799",
  "pmid": "42930575",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/69rqe90g4rsn9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930575",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930575"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2731|Intraocular Surgery and Lenses",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Short- and Long-Term Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Density and Vault Changes After Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation.",
  "title_text": "Short- and Long-Term Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Density and Vault Changes After Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/69rqe90g4rsn9",
  "venue": "Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}