{
  "abstract": "Hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) loading remains a persistent challenge in impact mechanics, less due to exotic physics than to the difficulty of achieving convincing quantitative agreement in reduced-order representations. Prevailing studies typically employ a single mesh and boundary treatment validated against one experimental dataset, leaving unresolved whether agreement reflects genuine fidelity or compensating discretization errors. This work presents a planar 2D, GPU-accelerated WCSPH solver employing an Adami-type ghost-particle boundary condition, extended for the first time to a moving, decelerating disk penetrating a confined liquid channel at ballistic velocity. The boundary condition is examined against a purpose-derived potential-flow added-mass solution and the analytical acoustic reflection coefficient at the steel-water interface; this exploration reveals that the stiff equation of state and cavitation cutoff impose identifiable delineation of the solver's operating regime on quantitative agreement. A three-point resolution convergence study reveals a non-monotone near-probe pressure peak, attributed to a bounded ghost-fluid density inconsistency. A comprehensive coefficient sweep, conservation diagnostics, and O(N) GPU throughput scaling enable exhaustive characterization impractical in 3D. Qualitative comparison against literature evidence at 900 and 600m/s clarifies load bearing versus approximate elements. Notably, energy diagnostics reveal a modest total energy growth over the simulated window, with the fluid absorbing disproportionately more energy than the projectile relinquishes - an instructive signature of prescribed, non-back-reacting projectile kinematics that helps map the formulation's operating envelope. The resulting solver, while confined to planar geometry, delivers verified, convergence-checked performance well suited for rapid parametric design exploration.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.05494",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Md Mujahid Alam"
    },
    {
      "name": "Debojit Biswas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sukanta Chakraborty"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6a0d9eder6ecv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.05494",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6a0d9eder6ecv",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05494",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.CE"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.NA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.NA"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2206|Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211994404",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.05494",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6a0d9eder6ecv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:48Z",
      "native_id": "2609.05494",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05494"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.NA",
      "subfield": "numerical-analysis"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.flu-dyn",
      "subfield": "fluid-dynamics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Verification, Sensitivity, and Operating Limits of a GPU-Accelerated Planar WCSPH Model for Hydrodynamic Ram",
  "title_text": "Verification, Sensitivity, and Operating Limits of a GPU-Accelerated Planar WCSPH Model for Hydrodynamic Ram",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6a0d9eder6ecv",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}