{
  "abstract": "Oblique drop impact onto a deep liquid pool produces asymmetric crowns, directional jetting, and splashing transitions that cannot be characterized by the total impact inertia alone. We numerically investigate water drops impacting a quiescent deep pool over $41\\leq We\\leq1790$ and $10^\\circ\\leqθ\\leq90^\\circ$. The simulations reproduce the principal features observed experimentally and identify five post-impact regimes in the $We$--$θ$ plane: deposition, front splashing, side splashing, side-front splashing, and crown splashing. The deposition--front-splashing transition is described by the tangential-inertial parameter $K_s=We\\cosθ$, with $K_s^c\\approx120$. This criterion follows from the competition between downstream crown-rim inertia and capillary retraction at the Taylor--Culick velocity. The transition from front to side-front splashing is instead governed primarily by normal impact inertia, with a critical normal Weber number $We_N^c\\approx318$. Beyond these regime transitions, the secondary-droplet statistics reveal fragmentation behavior common to the different splashing regimes. The droplet-size distributions are positively skewed, and the median diameter follows $d_{s,\\mathrm{med}}/D\\sim We^{-3/5}$. Second-order velocity structure functions support a scale-dependent capillary--inertial description of rim and ligament breakup. Combined with mass conservation, this scaling gives $N_s\\sim We^{9/5}$, providing a numerical explanation for the secondary-droplet-number scaling observed experimentally. Thus, directional impact inertia governs the macroscopic selection of splashing regimes, whereas the secondary-droplet populations across these regimes exhibit a common capillary--inertial fragmentation scaling.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2608.29762",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ying Xiong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lingling Xie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaolei Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6a0r2nfrvbea4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2608.29762",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6a0r2nfrvbea4",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29762",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ao-ph"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2206|Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204919761",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.29762",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-19",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6a0r2nfrvbea4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:19Z",
      "native_id": "2608.29762",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.29762"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ao-ph",
      "subfield": "atmospheric"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.flu-dyn",
      "subfield": "fluid-dynamics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Splashing-regime transitions and secondary-droplet scaling in oblique drop impacts on a deep pool",
  "title_text": "Splashing-regime transitions and secondary-droplet scaling in oblique drop impacts on a deep pool",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:19Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6a0r2nfrvbea4",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}