{
  "abstract": "The atmospheric trace gas carbon monoxide (CO) significantly influences the atmosphere's oxidative capacity and indirectly affects climate. However, the net land-atmosphere exchange of CO remains highly uncertain due to the scarcity of long-term monitoring. This study presents and analyses a 10-year-long CO flux data series from a tall-tower eddy covariance (EC) system operated in a rural Central European region. The measured fluxes were evaluated separately for vegetation-covered, (quasi)natural areas and for populated areas. The estimated monthly mean emissions from the populated areas varied between 12 and 110 nmolm-2s-1, with the lowest value observed in July and the highest in January, respectively. The measured wintertime emissions from the populated areas significantly exceed the activity-based estimations, presumably due to underestimated emissions factors for residential heating. The vegetation-dominated sector (agricultural fields and forests) acted as a weak net CO source from April to September with an average emission of 0.58 nmolm-2s-1 (monthly range 0.31–0.91 nmolm-2s-1), with the highest value occurring in July. The diurnal peaks of the median hourly emissions can be observed around noon, and they range from 1.59 to 2.66 nmolm-2s-1. The nighttime (20:00–04:00 local standard time (LST)) hourly median values range from −1.01 to +1.17 nmolm-2s-1. Their deviations from zero are not statistically significant at a p <0.05 probability level. Solar radiation was identified as the primary driver of CO exchange. This study also demonstrates the advantages and challenges of tall-tower EC flux measurements.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research (Debrecen, Hungary)",
    "HUN-REN Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science (Sopron, Hungary)"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "László Haszpra",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7747-6475"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zoltán Barcza"
    },
    {
      "name": "Anikó Kern"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nándor Zrinyi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Natascha Kljun",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9650-2184"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6aq4hvqvkaw5d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5194/acp-26-14961-2026",
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  "id": "6aq4hvqvkaw5d",
  "issns": [
    "1680-7324",
    "1680-7316"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-14961-2026",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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  "native_subjects": [
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      "feed-journal",
      "earth/atmospheric"
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      "lcc",
      "QC1-999"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "QD1-999"
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      "openalex",
      "2306|Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics"
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  "openalex": "W7160295264",
  "pdf_url": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/14961/2026/acp-26-14961-2026.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "Copernicus GmbH",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6aq4hvqvkaw5d.ris",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Long-term land-atmosphere carbon monoxide exchange from a tall tower in a rural Central European region",
  "title_text": "Long-term land-atmosphere carbon monoxide exchange from a tall tower in a rural Central European region",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6aq4hvqvkaw5d",
  "venue": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",
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}