{
  "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected individuals with underlying metabolic dysfunction. This study investigates the association between varying levels of pre-infection glycemic control and COVID-19-related health outcomes. A retrospective chart review was conducted on Kaiser Permanente Georgia patients with confirmed COVID-19. Participants (N = 2071) were categorized into five groups based on their HbA1c levels: patients without diabetes, those with prediabetes, and those with diabetes with varying degrees of glycemic control. We adjusted for demographics, social determinants of health, comorbidities, medications, and lifestyle factors. Among 2071 patients, 986 (47.6%) were without diabetes, 658 (31.8%) had prediabetes, 183 (8.8%) had diabetes with HbA1c<7%, 162 (7.8%) had diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 7% ≤ 9% and 82 (4%) had diabetes with HbA1c>9%. Patients with HbA1c>9% had the highest proportion hospitalized (38.3%, p<0.001), and admitted to ICU (14.8%, p<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression models, prediabetes and insulin use were associated with greater odds of hospitalization; odds ratio 1.43 [95% CI 1.09-1.87] and 3.02 [95% CI 1.95-4.68], respectively. There is a gradient of increasing COVID-19 severity with worsening glycemic control. The study shows the importance of recognizing prediabetes as a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19, comparable to poorly controlled diabetes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Quality and Patient Safety, The Southeast Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente, Atlanta, GA, United States.",
    "Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Armand Mbanya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Serena Leung"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alan Bienvenida"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Leslie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sangmin Ryan Shin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kate E Koplan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Felipe Lobelo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6b9n8h740vm88.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fcdhc.2026.1862850",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13714649",
  "id": "6b9n8h740vm88",
  "issns": [
    "2673-6616"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953097",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221757444",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13714649?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13714649",
  "pmid": "42953097",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6b9n8h740vm88.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953097",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953097"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:06Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13714649",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcdhc.2026.1862850"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Glycemic control and COVID-19 outcomes across the continuum of glucose regulation: a retrospective cohort study.",
  "title_text": "Glycemic control and COVID-19 outcomes across the continuum of glucose regulation: a retrospective cohort study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6b9n8h740vm88",
  "venue": "Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare",
  "versions": []
}