{
  "abstract": "Keratan sulfate (KS) is a unique and widely distributed glycosaminoglycans family implicated in diverse biological processes. KS features branched glycan architectures with diverse sialylation and sulfation patterns, encoding a vastly expanded chemical and biological space. The limited accessibility of well-defined structures has hindered precise investigations into the KS biological functions. Here we report a programmable chemoenzymatic platform for assembling a 106-membered library of KS N-glycans and their nonsulfated counterparts, featuring length-variable oligo-N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) extensions and encompassing diverse sulfation and sialylation patterns. The synthetic strategy integrates length-controlled iterative glycosylation to assemble versatile precursors, orthogonal deprotection for site-specific sulfation, and modular enzyme-driven diversification. Glycan microarray analysis of this comprehensive library reveals that glycan–protein recognition is governed by the interplay of sulfation and sialylation patterns, oligo-LacNAc chain length, and terminal epitope presentation, providing insight into the functional versatility of KS glycans.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China",
    "Qingdao Central Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, School of Medicine, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, China",
    "School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China",
    "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China",
    "College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kaixuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wenjing Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tianhui Hao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mengjia Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Wentao Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7114-762X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wei Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhuojia Xu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9383-2070"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tiehai Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3600-1828"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6dsk1v53dea3p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2621414123",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13715752/",
  "id": "6dsk1v53dea3p",
  "issns": [
    "0027-8424",
    "1091-6490"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2621414123",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "410"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Physical Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223004933",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13715752",
  "pmid": "42900734",
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6dsk1v53dea3p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:58Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715752",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2621414123"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Programmable chemoenzymatic synthesis of a keratan sulfate N-glycan library for glycocode decoding",
  "title_text": "Programmable chemoenzymatic synthesis of a keratan sulfate N-glycan library for glycocode decoding",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6dsk1v53dea3p",
  "venue": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
  "versions": []
}