{
  "abstract": "Antibiotics are widely used to decontaminate microalgal cultures, but their effects on algal physiology and associated bacterial communities remain unclear. We examined the concentration- and compound-dependent responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to ampicillin sodium, sulfanilamide, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin sulfate. Growth, culturable bacterial abundance, pigment content, photosynthetic performance, and fatty-acid composition were assessed across a mixed-antibiotic concentration gradient and under individual treatments. Higher antibiotic concentrations suppressed bacteria but inhibited algal growth, reduced chlorophyll accumulation, and altered fatty-acid composition. Physiological disruption increased in the order ampicillin sodium < sulfanilamide < chloramphenicol < streptomycin sulfate. Streptomycin sulfate produced the strongest response, reducing maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and light-use efficiency by 51.4% and 44.4%, respectively, while increasing total polyunsaturated fatty acids from 59.68% to 79.57%. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics showed that streptomycin sulfate reduced bacterial diversity and increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria from 44.54% to 90.66%. Lipid-related pathways were altered, particularly α-linolenic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Bacterial-community and metabolomic changes covaried under STRS exposure, and responsive taxa correlated with phospholipid- and oxylipin-related metabolites. These findings identify antibiotic acts as a selective stressor that alters algal physiology, lipid metabolism, and associated bacterial communities, highlighting the need for species-specific decontamination strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China",
    "College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China",
    "Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China",
    "School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222006, China",
    "China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China",
    "National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Linyinxue Dong",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-2608-6474"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yanxin Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Aloysius Wong",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9105-5845"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meihao Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Liangliang Mu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aike Yi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Xuxiong Huang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0161-965X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6dtpckfyrs6nv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27188325",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6dtpckfyrs6nv",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/18/8325",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2105|Algal biology and biofuel production"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214467854",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-18",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6dtpckfyrs6nv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27188325",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/18/8325"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:1422-0067",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antibiotic Stress Reshapes Physiological Homeostasis, Lipid Metabolism, and Culture-Associated Bacterial Communities in Chlorella pyrenoidosa",
  "title_text": "Antibiotic Stress Reshapes Physiological Homeostasis, Lipid Metabolism, and Culture-Associated Bacterial Communities in Chlorella pyrenoidosa",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6dtpckfyrs6nv",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}