{
  "abstract": "Extending particulate overall water splitting beyond ultraviolet (UV) and short-wavelength visible light is important for more fully utilizing the solar spectrum. Here, we report a particulate Z-scheme system comprising a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/fullerodendron nanohybrid (CNT photocatalyst) for H2 evolution, commercially available WO3 for O2 evolution, and an iodide-derived redox mediator. Under air mass (AM) 1.5G simulated sunlight (1000 W m−2) and without sacrificial reagents or external bias, the optimized system evolved H2 and O2 at 15.2 and 7.6 µmol h−1, respectively—a stoichiometric 2:1 ratio—corresponding to a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.08%. Near-stoichiometric gas evolution was sustained over three 6 h cycles, with 91% of the initial activity retained in the third cycle; X-ray diffraction revealed no detectable bulk structural change in WO3. The two photocatalysts play complementary roles: WO3 oxidizes water under near-UV and short-wavelength visible light, whereas the CNT photocatalyst exhibits chirality-dependent absorption spanning the visible to near-infrared region and evolves H2 at selected wavelengths in sacrificial half-reactions. Coupling these functions through an iodide-based redox shuttle extends CNT photocatalysis beyond sacrificial H2 evolution and offers a materials-design strategy for extending the usable spectral range of particulate overall water splitting.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Materials Design and Engineering, Faculty of Sustainable Design, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Thi Linh Pham"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tetsuo Aida"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yutaka Takaguchi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7623-4725"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6egdbjkhsn2se.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/catal16100933",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6egdbjkhsn2se",
  "issns": [
    "2073-4344"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/16/10/933",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2105|Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223175657",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6egdbjkhsn2se.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:43Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/catal16100933",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/16/10/933"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2073-4344",
      "subfield": "catalysis"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Toward Broad-Spectrum Overall Water Splitting: An Iodide-Mediated Z-Scheme Pairing Spectrally Complementary WO3 and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Photocatalysts",
  "title_text": "Toward Broad-Spectrum Overall Water Splitting: An Iodide-Mediated Z-Scheme Pairing Spectrally Complementary WO3 and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Photocatalysts",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6egdbjkhsn2se",
  "venue": "Catalysts",
  "versions": []
}