{
  "abstract": "The revised Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability (EICA) hypothesis suggests that when invasive plants escape the selective pressure exerted by specialist herbivores, they reallocate their resources: reducing investment in defense against specialists while increasing defense against generalist herbivores. Such shifts in defense strategies are mediated by chemical defenses underpinned by plant secondary metabolites. However, how quantitative and qualitative defensive metabolites evolve in response to this selective shift remains poorly understood. Focusing on plant secondary metabolites, Solanum rostratum was selected as the focal species. A common garden experiment was conducted to assess plant growth and defense traits, followed by bioassays using its specialist herbivore Leptinotarsa decemlineata and generalist herbivore Helicoverpa armigera to evaluate defensive activity. Quantitative and qualitative defensive metabolites from S. rostratum were isolated and identified, and their defensive functions were validated. Differences in these metabolites across populations and their interrelationships were compared, and their correlations with plant growth were analyzed. Under herbivory pressure from generalist herbivores, S. rostratum shifted resource allocation away from quantitative defensive metabolites toward both qualitative defensive metabolites and vegetative growth. In contrast, under combined herbivory pressure from both specialist and generalist herbivores, S. rostratum maintained high levels of quantitative defensive metabolites, and its growth showed no significant evolutionary divergence. Distinct evolutionary patterns of quantitative and qualitative defensive metabolites were exhibited by invasive plants, and a resource trade-off between growth and defense was demonstrated. These findings advance understanding of the invasion mechanisms of alien plant species.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Linlin Yuan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaomin Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhiqun Sui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yangyang Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhixiang Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhifu Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yulong Feng"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6evtpv4f4rdnb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1955283",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661573/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "6evtpv4f4rdnb",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661573",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1109|Insect-Plant Interactions and Control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7171517116",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661573/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13661573",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6evtpv4f4rdnb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13661573",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661573"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1955283",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1955283/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1109|Insect-Plant Interactions and Control",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Chemical response mechanisms of Solanum rostratum under different selection pressures of herbivores",
  "title_text": "Chemical response mechanisms of Solanum rostratum under different selection pressures of herbivores",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6evtpv4f4rdnb",
  "venue": "Frontiers in plant science",
  "versions": []
}