{
  "abstract": "This paper addresses the core challenge of balancing high real-time performance and low energy consumption in practical ternary optical computer (TOC) systems with hardware-induced state-switching overhead including switching delay and switching energy consumption. By introducing the partially synchronous vacation mechanism, we establish a novel TOC task scheduling strategy and corresponding three-stage queuing model. We thoroughly analyze the influences of key system parameters on queueing performance, total energy consumption, and social utility under Poisson traffic, with the no-vacation scheme as benchmark. Numerical results reveal that the proposed model can achieve optimal system social utility under various task arrival rates by tuning the number of vacation-enabled processors and vacation-related parameters. Supplementary bursty traffic experiments further verify its robustness under fluctuating real-world workloads. This work provides a new theoretical basis and practical scheduling guidance for performance-energy bi-objective optimization of TOC systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Computer and Information Engineering, Fuyang Normal University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liu Weiwen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shi Wenqiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhang Heqiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liu Meng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gao Zhiyan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wang Xianchao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6fj51fd748qy4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-62375-9",
  "fulltext_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62375-9",
  "id": "6fj51fd748qy4",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62375-9",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "Q"
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      "lcc",
      "R"
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    [
      "openalex",
      "1404|Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis"
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  "openalex": "W7169730701",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-62375-9_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6fj51fd748qy4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:45:56Z",
      "native_id": "09ae5f991fa444768c77a78f7e341d5a",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-62375-9"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Performance and energy consumption balanced optimization of ternary optical computers based on partially synchronous vacation queuing",
  "title_text": "Performance and energy consumption balanced optimization of ternary optical computers based on partially synchronous vacation queuing",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:20:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6fj51fd748qy4",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}