{ "abstract": "The growth and division of cells in plant leaves is highly dynamic in time and space, even though cells cannot move relative to their neighbors. Thus, organ shape must emerge from carefully coordinated growth, especially in leaves that remain relatively flat as they grow. Here we explored the phenotype of the jagged and wavy (jaw-D) mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana, in which the leaves do not remain flat. It has previously been shown that the jaw-D mutant phenotype is caused by the overexpression of miR319, which represses TCP transcription factors, thus delaying maturation of the leaf. We analyzed cell dynamics in wild type and jaw-D by performing time-lapse live imaging of developing leaves. We found that the progression of maturation from the tip of the leaf downward was delayed in jaw-D relative to wild type based on several markers of maturation, in agreement with the role of TCP transcription factors in promoting maturation. We further found that these changes in maturation were accompanied by differences in the coordination of growth across the leaf, particularly across the mediolateral axis, causing growth conflicts that prevent the leaf from remaining flat. Modeling revealed that curvature develops when growth is uneven across the leaf in the direction perpendicular to the direction of growth. Although leaf flatness is often framed as a problem that requires the local synchronization of growth on the abaxial versus adaxial sides (bottom versus top) of the leaf, our results based on the jaw-D phenotype suggest that wild-type plants also need to coordinate growth more globally across the leaf blade to maintain flatness.\n\nThe growth of plant leaves is highly dynamic and should be coordinated, but the mechanisms that preserve leaf flatness remain unclear. This study shows that global coordination of growth across the leaf blade is required to maintain flatness in Arabidopsis.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Cornell University", "Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University", "Norwich Research Park", "Université Paris-Saclay", "University of Tübingen", "Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research", "Stockholm University", "University of Delaware", "Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris" ], "article_type": "Research Article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 13, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Kate Harline", "orcid": "0000-0002-4150-1165" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Brendan Lane", "orcid": "0000-0002-1492-3864" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Maura J. Zimmermann", "orcid": "0000-0001-9328-3051" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Antoine Fruleux", "orcid": "0000-0003-2974-3337" }, { "affs": [ 4 ], "name": "Gabriella Mosca", "orcid": "0000-0003-4509-498X" }, { "affs": [ 5 ], "name": "Sören Strauss" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Nik Tavakolian", "orcid": "0000-0001-8577-7959" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "James W. Satterlee", "orcid": "0000-0002-0267-4944" }, { "affs": [ 6 ], "name": "Chun‐Biu Li", "orcid": "0000-0001-8009-6265" }, { "affs": [ 7 ], "name": "Abhyudai Singh", "orcid": "0000-0002-1451-2838" }, { "affs": [ 8 ], "name": "Arezki Boudaoud", "orcid": "0000-0002-2780-4717" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Richard S. Smith", "orcid": "0000-0001-9220-0787" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Adrienne Roeder", "orcid": "0000-0001-6685-2984" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6gf3c9wtdpk1z.bib", "cited_by": 8, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.3003993", "fulltext_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3003993", "id": "6gf3c9wtdpk1z", "issns": [ "1544-9173", "1545-7885" ], "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05760389v1", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "journal", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "hal", "0.phys" ], [ "openalex", "1110|Plant Molecular Biology Research" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cell processes/Cell cycle and cell division" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cell processes/Cell growth" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Cell differentiation" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Morphogenesis/Growth control" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Abaxial surface" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Adaxial surface" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Leaves" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Leaves/Stomata" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Stem anatomy/Stomata" ] ], "openalex": "W7211948088", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3003993&type=printable", "pmcid": "PMC12621980", "pmid": "41256512", "published": "2026-09-08", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6gf3c9wtdpk1z.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:39Z", "native_id": "hal-05760389", "source": "hal", "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05760389v1" }, { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z", "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pbio.3003993", "source": "plos", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3003993" }, { "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:08Z", "native_id": "W7211948088", "source": "openalex", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003993" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:plant science", "subfield": "plant-biology" }, { "field": "physics", "origin": "hal:0.phys", "subfield": "general" } ], "title": "Growth-rate coordination across the width of a leaf preserves its flatness", "title_text": "Growth-rate coordination across the width of a leaf preserves its flatness", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-11-09T13:21:08Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6gf3c9wtdpk1z", "venue": "PLoS Biology", "versions": [] }