{
  "abstract": "Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding represents a severe complication of IgA vasculitis (IgAV). Most current analyses of risk factors aggregate patients across all ages, potentially obscuring critical age-specific differences. This study aimed to delineate factors independently associated with GI bleeding in IgAV across distinct age groups.\n\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 964 IgAV patients stratified into four age cohorts: preschool (3–6 years, n=192), school-age (7–12 years, n=313), adolescent (13–17 years, n=202), and adult (>18 years, n=257). Univariable analyses were followed by Firth’s penalized logistic regression within each age cohort to evaluate factors associated with GI bleeding. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), with optimism correction performed via 1,000 bootstrap resamples.\n\nResults: The pattern of factors associated with GI bleeding differed across age strata. In preschool children, NAR was significantly associated with GI bleeding (OR = 5.88). In school-age children, NAR (OR = 2.02), summer onset (OR = 2.47), and medium and high SII (OR = 2.72/3.70) were associated with GI bleeding. In adolescents, high SII (OR = 6.22) and log(FIB/GLO) (OR = 4.57) remained significant, while in adults, high SII was the predominant associated factor (OR = 9.53). These principal associations remained significant after FDR correction for multiple comparisons. The optimism-corrected AUC values of the age-specific models ranged from 0.686 in preschool children to 0.784 in adults.\n\nConclusion: The factors associated with GI bleeding in IgAV showed heterogeneous patterns across age strata, with neutrophil-related inflammatory markers more prominent in younger children and systemic inflammatory and coagulation-related markers more prominent in older groups. These exploratory findings support further investigation of age-specific risk assessment in IgAV.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University",
    "Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University",
    "Department of Endoscopic Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinxi Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lulu Rao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ruiheng Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Quxin Juhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dongqing Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaomin Shi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wei Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lei Shi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yan Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaohong Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xiaowei Tang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6gnpcsbkk9tap.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1883230",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6gnpcsbkk9tap",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1883230/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Vasculitis and related conditions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223139312",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1883230/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6gnpcsbkk9tap.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1883230",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1883230/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Age-stratified analysis reveals heterogeneity in factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in IgA vasculitis: a retrospective study in a large volume center",
  "title_text": "Age-stratified analysis reveals heterogeneity in factors associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in IgA vasculitis: a retrospective study in a large volume center",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6gnpcsbkk9tap",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}