{
  "abstract": "Background/Aim: Smoking is a known risk factor for the development of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, conflicting results are reported in the literature regarding the risk of smoking on the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Moreover, these studies were often conducted before the era of personalized targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognosis of patients with NSCLC in relation to their smoking history.\n\nPatients and Methods: This retrospective multicentre study included all patients from the Czech LUCAS registry with baseline tumour characteristics. Overall survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, with differences between groups evaluated by the log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression model, adjusting for covariates and stratifying by disease stage when proportional hazards assumptions were violated.\n\nResults: A total of 3,372 patients were included. In the univariate model, non-smokers had a significantly better prognosis than former and current heavy smokers (with a history of ≥40 pack-years), hazard ratio=1.19 (95% confidence interval=1.01-1.42), p=0.043; and hazard ratio 1.19 (95% confidence interval=0.03-1.37), p=0.018, respectively. This relationship was not significant in the multivariate model. The absence of a prognostic significance of smoking at the time of NSCLC diagnosis was also demonstrated in a multivariate model both in patients with advanced disease treated with anticancer drugs and in patients who underwent surgery.\n\nConclusion: Although smoking/ex-smoking at the time of NSCLC diagnosis had a negative prognostic impact in univariate analysis, multivariate analysis did not demonstrate smoking itself as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. Therefore, other factors, including poorer performance status, likely contributed to the poorer outcome for smokers.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Pneumology, Bulovka University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic",
    "Pulmonary Department, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thomayer Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Oncology, Liberec Regional Hospital, Liberec, Czech Republic",
    "Multiscan Oncological and Radiological Center, Pardubice, Czech Republic",
    "Department of Pneumology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "MARTIN SVATON"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "PETR DOMECKY"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "ONDREJ VENCLICEK"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "JANA KREJCI"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "MICHAL HRNCIARIK"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "ONDREJ FISCHER"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "MARIE DROSSLEROVA"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "DANIEL HRICISAK"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "KAREL ODRAZKA"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "MILOSLAV MAREL"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6h2yvj0fdra5w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21873/invivo.14508",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13723985/",
  "id": "6h2yvj0fdra5w",
  "issns": [
    "0258-851X",
    "1791-7549"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14508",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224603772",
  "pdf_url": "https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/invivo/40/6/3692.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13723985",
  "pmid": "42957256",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "International Institute of Anticancer Research",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6h2yvj0fdra5w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:31Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13723985",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.14508"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "History of Smoking and Prognosis of Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer",
  "title_text": "History of Smoking and Prognosis of Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6h2yvj0fdra5w",
  "venue": "In Vivo",
  "versions": []
}