{
  "abstract": "Background: Cycling performance is influenced by physiological capacity and bicycle ergonomics, but the combined effects of structured exercise training and bicycle ergonomic adaptation in recreational cyclists remain unclear.\n\nObjectives: To examine the effects of combined exercise training and bicycle ergonomic adaptation on cycling performance and physical fitness in recreational cyclists.\n\nMethods: Fifty-one recreational cyclists were randomized to a combined exercise plus ergonomic adaptation group (CEEG, n = 17), an ergonomic adaptation only group (EAG, n = 17), or a control group (CG, n = 17). The intervention lasted 12 weeks, followed by a 6-month. Functional threshold power (FTP), 10-mile speed, critical power, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04972305) on 15/07/2021.\n\nResults: Significant group × time interactions were found for FTP (p < 0.001), critical power (p = 0.046), muscle strength outcomes (all p < 0.001), and aerobic capacity (p < 0.001). FTP improved more in the CEEG than in the EAG and CG, with differences maintained at 6 months. The group × time interaction for 10-mile speed was not significant (p = 0.170). Critical power showed a more favorable longitudinal pattern in the CEEG. Aerobic capacity improved more in the CEEG immediately post-intervention, but between-group differences were not maintained at follow-up.\n\nConclusion: Combined exercise training with bicycle ergonomic adaptation improved FTP and muscle strength and favorably influenced critical power and short-term aerobic capacity, but not 10-mile speed.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey",
    "Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yusuf Şinasi Kırmacı",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7151-6854"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Günseli Usgu",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4269-5210"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6h9g30sg9hart.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s13102-026-02081-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13711883/",
  "id": "6h9g30sg9hart",
  "issns": [
    "2052-1847"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-02081-1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2732|Sports Performance and Training"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7212370967",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13711883",
  "pmid": "42947243",
  "published": "2026-09-12",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6h9g30sg9hart.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13711883",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-026-02081-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Sports Performance and Training",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of combined exercise training and bicycle ergonomic adaptation on cycling performance and physical fitness in recreational cyclists: a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up",
  "title_text": "Effects of combined exercise training and bicycle ergonomic adaptation on cycling performance and physical fitness in recreational cyclists: a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6h9g30sg9hart",
  "venue": "BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation",
  "versions": []
}