{
  "abstract": "Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) genes are involved in plant defense responses and abiotic stress responses. In this study, a total of 14 PfPR-1 family members were identified from the genome of Paulownia fortunei, and their physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, chromosomal localization, and syntenic relationships were systematically analyzed. The results showed that PfPR-1 family members exhibited considerable variation in protein physicochemical characteristics and structural composition, suggesting evolutionary and functional divergence among different members. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of numerous hormone-responsive, stress-responsive, and light-responsive cis-acting elements, indicating that PfPR-1 genes may be involved in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. Transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated that most PfPR-1 genes significantly responded to Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) disease, salt stress, and drought stress. Under phytoplasma infection, five PfPR-1 genes were markedly upregulated (PR-1-1, PR-1-3, PR-1-4, PR-1-8, and PR-1-14), whereas four PfPR-1 genes (PfPR-1-6, PfPR-1-7, PfPR-1-12, and PfPR-1-13) were downregulated, suggesting their differential responses to phytoplasma infection. Under salt- and drought-stress conditions, different PfPR-1 genes exhibited diverse expression patterns, indicating their potential functional specialization in stress-responsive regulation. Subsequent qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed the reliability of the transcriptome data. Notably, the expression of PR-1-3 was significantly upregulated under both biotic and abiotic stresses. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that an ERF transcription factor (TF), PfERF1, could significantly activate the transcription of PfPR-1-3, suggesting that PfERF1 may participate in stress-responsive regulation in Paulownia fortunei through modulating PfPR-1 expression. Collectively, these findings provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the biological functions and molecular regulatory mechanisms of the PfPR-1 gene family during stress responses in Paulownia fortunei.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.",
    "Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shaokang Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bingxu Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xibing Cao",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6038-2870"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Na Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Guoqiang Fan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hui Zhao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6kczbfhceghch.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/plants15203160",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709292",
  "id": "6kczbfhceghch",
  "issns": [
    "2223-7747"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943113",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221906508",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13709292?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13709292",
  "pmid": "42943113",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6kczbfhceghch.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42943113",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42943113"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Genome-Wide Identification and Stress-Responsive Expression Analysis of the PR-1 Gene Family in Paulownia fortunei.",
  "title_text": "Genome-Wide Identification and Stress-Responsive Expression Analysis of the PR-1 Gene Family in Paulownia fortunei.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6kczbfhceghch",
  "venue": "Plants (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}