{
  "abstract": "BACKGROUND: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT), and VITT-like disorders are caused by antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4)/polyanion and/or anti-PF4 immunoglobulin G antibodies. The rapid anti-PF4/polyanion and anti-PF4 chemiluminescence assays differentiate between typical heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (anti-PF4/heparin) and VITT antibodies (anti-PF4). OBJECTIVES: To characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and recombinant anti-PF4 antibodies in the 2 chemiluminescence assays specific for anti-PF4/polyanion and anti-PF4 antibodies, respectively, and to characterize anti-PF4/polyanion antibodies in patients whose sera tested positive in both assays. METHODS: For anti-PF4/heparin and anti-PF4 antibodies, the chimeric mAbs 5B9, 1C12, and 1E12 were generated using standard technology. Recombinant antibodies from VITT and VITT-like patients were generated based on the amino acid sequences of affinity-purified patient anti-PF4 antibodies. KKO was humanized by cloning its Fab sequences and expressing them as a chimeric recombinant human immunoglobulin G1 antibody. Anti-PF4 antibodies from patient sera testing positive in both chemiluminescence assays were affinity-purified using PF4/polyanion and PF4 beads. RESULTS: In chemiluminescence assays, 5B9, humanized KKO, 1C12, and 1E12 bound to PF4/polyanion complexes but differed largely in their PF4 reactivity. VITT (-like) recombinant antibodies bound only to PF4. Some patients' sera contained antibodies that showed similar reactivity in both assays, regardless of whether purified with PF4/polyanion or PF4 beads, suggesting cross-reactive antibodies, while sera from other patients contained both anti-PF4/heparin and anti-PF4 antibodies. CONCLUSION: The different reactivities of anti-PF4 mAbs/heparin antibodies need to be considered when planning experiments and interpreting results. Patients may have very different antibody reactivities despite giving the same results in the 2 chemiluminescence assays.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Venkata A.S. Dabbiru"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marta Broto"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jan Wesche"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jing Jing Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Luisa Müller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Patrycja Gebicka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jérôme Rollin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yves Gruel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marta Palicio"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thomas Thiele"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andreas Greinacher"
    },
    {
      "name": "Linda Schönborn"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6kfmrxdy3yrtb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.jtha.2026.01.016",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6kfmrxdy3yrtb",
  "issns": [
    "1538-7933",
    "1538-7836"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05849033v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2746|Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7128517723",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jthjournal.org/article/S1538-7836(26)00072-3/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6kfmrxdy3yrtb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:20:18Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05849033",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05849033v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2746|Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characterization of monoclonal and patient-derived antiplatelet factor 4 antibodies in platelet factor 4 and platelet factor 4/polyanion chemiluminescence assays",
  "title_text": "Characterization of monoclonal and patient-derived antiplatelet factor 4 antibodies in platelet factor 4 and platelet factor 4/polyanion chemiluminescence assays",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:20:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6kfmrxdy3yrtb",
  "venue": "Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis",
  "versions": []
}