{
  "abstract": "In recent years, demand for human-based in vitro models has grown substantially. In this regard, human secondary lymphoid organ (SLO)-derived ex vivo immune organoids are gaining recognition, as they provide a platform for studying highly differentiated, tissue-specific immune cell subsets found in SLOs, such as lymph nodes, tonsils, or spleen. These systems support the study of adaptive immune responses mediated by T and B cells, e.g., due to the presence of T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells within these immune organoids. Here, we describe procedures for the isolation of human tonsil- or adenoid-derived immune cells, their cryopreservation and thawing, the establishment of immune organoids in vitro, and a detailed flow cytometry protocol for longitudinal phenotypic profiling of the immune organoids. In summary, these protocols serve as a foundation for downstream functional assays and complementary analyses in a human-first approach. © 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Cell isolation from human tonsils and adenoids Basic Protocol 2: Thawing of cryopreserved tonsil and adenoid cells and establishment of immune organoids Basic Protocol 3: Flow cytometry for longitudinal phenotypical profiling of human tonsil/adenoid-derived immune organoids.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.",
    "Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.",
    "Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Johanniter-Waldkrankenhaus, Bonn, Germany."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Maximilian Moll",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-5619-5123"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Klaus W Eichhorn",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5840-4505"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Thorsten Send",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6105-7121"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dirk Baumjohann",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8385-8288"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6ksmjk4p2ca14.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/cpz1.70485",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695463",
  "id": "6ksmjk4p2ca14",
  "issns": [
    "2691-1299"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42925496",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223467395",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695463?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13695463",
  "pmid": "42925496",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6ksmjk4p2ca14.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42925496",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42925496"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Setup and Analysis of Human Tonsil and Adenoid-Based Immune Organoids for Studying T and B Cell-Mediated Adaptive Immunity.",
  "title_text": "Setup and Analysis of Human Tonsil and Adenoid-Based Immune Organoids for Studying T and B Cell-Mediated Adaptive Immunity.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6ksmjk4p2ca14",
  "venue": "Current protocols",
  "versions": []
}