{
  "abstract": "Gibberellins (GA) are plant hormones that regulate growth and development throughout the plant life cycle. While gibberellins have been extensively studied under controlled conditions for their fundamental role in plant adaptation and agronomic trait development, field-based data on their natural variation of bioactive GA levels across diverse agricultural genotypes and environments remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed bioactive gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4) in multiple maize tissues from commercial conventional maize hybrids grown in diverse field environments using high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This study provides quantitative measurements of GA1 and GA4 levels in maize tissues collected under standard agricultural practices and describes variation influenced by genetic background and environmental conditions. Our findings demonstrate that GA1 and GA4 concentrations from conventional maize samples varied across maize tissue types, hybrid, and field sites. Analysis of variance components indicated that the site variation was statistically significant in five of ten gibberellins by maize tissue combinations, while the genetic component was significant only for GA4 in grain samples, suggesting that environment factors have a larger effect than genetic factors Positive correlations between GA1 and GA4 were observed consistently across maize tissues except root. These findings offer preliminary insights into the interplay between genetics and environment, across germplasm and environments that have been previously described.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Regulatory Science, Bayer CropScience LLC., Chesterfield, Missouri, United States of America"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xia Guan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nitin Supekar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Changjian Jiang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Junhong Guo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Edwards Allen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles Dietrich"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cody Postin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shubha Shakya"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yanfei Wang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6pgcnb9jqn5r8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0340156",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6pgcnb9jqn5r8",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0340156",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1102|Crop Yield and Soil Fertility"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Hormones/Plant hormones/Gibberellins"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Plant biochemistry/Plant hormones/Gibberellins"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Population genetics/Genetic polymorphism"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Plant genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Plant genetics/Crop genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Population genetics/Genetic polymorphism"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Grasses/Maize"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Leaves"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Pollen"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant biochemistry/Plant hormones/Gibberellins"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant genetics/Crop genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Population biology/Population genetics/Genetic polymorphism"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Model organisms/Maize"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Plant and algal models/Maize"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Model organisms/Maize"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220854217",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0340156&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6pgcnb9jqn5r8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0340156",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0340156"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:genetics",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:plant science",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Natural variation of bioactive gibberellin levels in maize tissues across North America",
  "title_text": "Natural variation of bioactive gibberellin levels in maize tissues across North America",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6pgcnb9jqn5r8",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}