{
  "abstract": "The nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis provides a sustainable source of nitrogen for plants within the Nitrogen (N)-fixing clade (NFC). A debate has raged over whether nodulation evolved once, with many losses or multiple times following a predisposition event. Here we demonstrate that nodule-organogenesis is fully conserved between an actinorhizal nodulator Datisca glomerata and the legume Medicago truncatula , showing entirely conserved programmes for Nodule INception (NIN)- controlled development leading to nodule emergence. Convergent losses of N-fixation within the NFC is associated with loss of NIN and we show the engineering of nodule-like development into strawberry, a non-nodulating member of the NFC, through the repair of NIN- functionality. Similar NIN- engineering resulted in altered-root developmental responses in barley. Our work is consistent with the single-gain hypothesis, where repair of NIN can recapitulate nodules in species within the NFC, demonstrating that understanding the ancestral state of nodulation facilitates its engineering.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Anindya Kundu"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Jordan Price"
    },
    {
      "name": "Esther Rosales Sanchez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ivan Reynas-Llorens"
    },
    {
      "name": "Min-Yao Jhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jin-Peng Gao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thiago Alexandre Moraes"
    },
    {
      "name": "Federico Marangelli"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cyril Libourel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jean Keller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jack Brooks"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wendy Harwood"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emma Wallington"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pierre-Marc Delaux"
    },
    {
      "name": "Richard Harrison"
    },
    {
      "name": "Giles E.D. Oldroyd"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6qrxy5yqbf20q.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.05.31.728964",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "6qrxy5yqbf20q",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05782768v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163319901",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-03",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6qrxy5yqbf20q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:50Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05782768",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05782768v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The demonstration of a single origin for nodule evolution, with nodule engineering in a non-nodulating species",
  "title_text": "The demonstration of a single origin for nodule evolution, with nodule engineering in a non-nodulating species",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6qrxy5yqbf20q",
  "venue": "HAL",
  "versions": []
}