{
  "abstract": "In Lombardy, northern Italy, 2026, the first neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) human case was reported on 7 July. Concurrently, high abundances of Aedes caspius and low numbers of Culex pipiens occurred at several surveillance sites. Testing seven archived Ae. caspius pools collected in July revealed WNV lineage 2 in six pools from three independent sites. A virus sequence from Ae. caspius shared > 99.94% nt identity with contemporaneous human-derived sequences. Further investigating possible Ae. caspius vector competence, particularly for WNV lineage 2, is warranted.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "General Directorate of Welfare, Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy.",
    "These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.",
    "Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER) \"Bruno Ubertini\", Brescia, Italy.",
    "Lombardy Regional Center for Infectious Diseases (CeReMI), Milan, Italy.",
    "National PhD Programme in One Health approaches to infectious diseases and life science research, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.",
    "Direzione generale della sanità animale e dei farmaci veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Rome, Italy.",
    "Department of Hygiene and Public Health Prevention, ATS Milano Città Metropolitana, Milan, Italy.",
    "Department of Veterinary Medicine and Food Safety of Animal Origin, ATS Milano Città Metropolitana, Milan, Italy.",
    "Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Biomergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.",
    "Infectious Disease Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.",
    "Infectious Disease Unit ASST Lecco, Lecco, Italy.",
    "Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.",
    "Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 28,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mario Chiari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Defilippo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Davide Lelli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Luigi Vezzosi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Danilo Cereda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Gabriele Del Castillo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Francesco Maraschi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Angela Ancona"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Giuliano Rizzardini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Anna Marelli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ambra Nucci"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Moira Bazzucchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Maria Gabriella Perrotta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Marino Faccini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Marinella Valenti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Simone Villa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Davide Mileto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Alessandra Lombardi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Alessandro Mancon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Valeria Micheli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Gori"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Stefania Piconi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Greta Romano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Guglielmo Ferrari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Piralla"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Rovida"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ana Moreno"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11,
        12,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fausto Baldanti"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6rak1vfvswvtr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2807/1560-7917.es.2026.31.42.2600862",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695009",
  "id": "6rak1vfvswvtr",
  "issns": [
    "1025-496X",
    "1560-7917"
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  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921679",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RA1-1270"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2739|Mosquito-borne diseases and control"
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  "openalex": "W7223408819",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695009?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13695009",
  "pmid": "42921679",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6rak1vfvswvtr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42921679",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42921679"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:00Z",
      "native_id": "ea6a90e1202a4ba6b0f54fef95332904",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2026.31.42.2600862"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Mosquito-borne diseases and control",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Repeated detection of West Nile virus in Aedes caspius during an unusually early transmission season in humans in northern Italy, 2026.",
  "title_text": "Repeated detection of West Nile virus in Aedes caspius during an unusually early transmission season in humans in northern Italy, 2026.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6rak1vfvswvtr",
  "venue": "Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin",
  "versions": []
}