{
  "abstract": "Waterpipe (shisha or hookah) smoking is recognized as a risk factor for lung cancer; however, its interference with hypoxia stress and tumor suppressor pathways in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poorly defined. In this study, NSCLC cell lines (A549, H460, H226 with endogenous wild-type p53, and H1299 transiently expressing wild-type or p53 mutants) were exposed to waterpipe smoke condensate (WPSC) under normoxic and/or hypoxic conditions. WPSC induced HIF-1α stabilization under normoxic conditions, accompanied by predominantly cytoplasmic localization and without corresponding induction of the canonical HIF-1 target genes examined. In parallel, WPSC transiently reduced nuclear p53 localization without altering total p53 protein levels. In A549 cells, WPSC pretreatment attenuated irradiation-induced expression of the p53 target genes cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) and BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 (BTG2). Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α partially restored nuclear p53 localization, supporting the involvement of HIF-1α in this response. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated an association between HIF-1α and p53 following WPSC exposure. Collectively, these findings show that WPSC-induced HIF-1α stabilization under normoxic conditions is associated with transient alterations in p53 localization and transcriptional response, supporting an involvement of HIF-1α in this process.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Al Jurf 1, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates",
    "College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Al Jurf 1, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates",
    "INSERM UMR 1356, Next-Generation Immuno-Oncology Research and Therapy in Pediatric and Adult Cancer, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 Rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France",
    "Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Husam Nawafleh",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7195-5101"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jerome Thiery",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0998-3627"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Yehya Elsayed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abderemane Abdou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Salem Chouaib"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rania F. Zaarour",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9132-5940"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6rm566mxrr5k4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27198927",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13665274",
  "id": "6rm566mxrr5k4",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8927",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221133461",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13665274?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13665274",
  "pmid": "42884169",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6rm566mxrr5k4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27198927",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8927"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42884169",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42884169"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Waterpipe Smoke Condensate Impairs p53 Nuclear Localization in Association with HIF-1α Stabilization",
  "title_text": "Waterpipe Smoke Condensate Impairs p53 Nuclear Localization in Association with HIF-1α Stabilization",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6rm566mxrr5k4",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}