{
  "abstract": "Insomnia, depression and anxiety co-occur and share genetic liability, but a genetic correlation cannot show whether that liability is spread across the sleep domain or concentrated in insomnia, a diagnostic criterion for depression and generalized anxiety disorder. We applied genomic structural equation modelling to ten genome-wide association studies and fitted a four-factor model of sleep, internalizing (depression and anxiety), psychotic-bipolar and metabolic liability. A model linking the sleep and internalizing domains only through their factor correlation was inadmissible, and we compared, under one decision rule, each one-parameter link that could repair it: domain-wide links, an insomnia-specific cross-loading, and residual covariances representing shared diagnostic content, of which three were admissible. The insomnia cross-loading fitted better than the only admissible domain-wide alternative ({Delta}AIC = 13.8; better in 98.6% of 500 Monte Carlo draws) and than shared content ({Delta}AIC = 96.9), and placing it on psychotic-bipolar or metabolic liability was inadmissible. Under this model the insomnia pathway carried 56.3% of the sleep-internalizing covariance (95% CI 45.6-67.0%). A second sleep pathway improved fit ({Delta}AIC = -33.3), but with three sleep indicators its location was not identifiable, and across the equivalent models the insomnia share ranged from 0% to 127.0%. At the variant level, no internalizing lead departed from depression-anxiety proportionality after correction, and internalizing leads replicated in FinnGen, with partial sample overlap, whereas sleep leads did not (60.4%; P = 0.17). How concentrated the overlap is will require finer sleep phenotypes to establish. Among single-link models, insomnia is the best-supported location of the overlap.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Brain and Cognition Research Center (BEYKOG), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye; Besikcizade Center f"
  ],
  "article_type": "PUBLISHAHEADOFPRINT",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "M. A. Sakiroglu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. Cicek"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. C. Celik"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. T. Altunc"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Aslan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "H. A. Velioglu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6s5nwefn90gms.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.21.26366134",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.26366134v1.full",
  "id": "6s5nwefn90gms",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.26366134v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "medrxiv",
      "genetic and genomic medicine"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3205|Sleep and related disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223319370",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.26366134v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6s5nwefn90gms.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:33Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.21.26366134",
      "source": "medrxiv",
      "url": "https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.21.26366134v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "medrxiv:genetic and genomic medicine",
      "subfield": "human-genetics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Insomnia and the genetic overlap of sleep with depression and anxiety: a genomic structural equation modelling study",
  "title_text": "Insomnia and the genetic overlap of sleep with depression and anxiety: a genomic structural equation modelling study",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6s5nwefn90gms",
  "venue": "medRxiv",
  "versions": []
}