{
  "abstract": "Melatonin, an endogenous circadian rhythm-regulating hormone, has faced challenges in achieving prolonged exogenous regulation due to its low oral bioavailability and short half-life. Existing transdermal strategies are difficult to balance efficacy, safety, and accessibility. To address this, we propose a physicochemical synergistic permeation-enhancement strategy and have developed a melatonin textile transdermal patch based on the synergistic action of electret and permeation enhancer. The patch is designed with a three-layer composite structure, composed of a textile-based electret backing layer, a drug-loading pressure sensitive adhesive layer containing melatonin and permeation enhancer, and a protective layer to prevent drug leakage. Electret and permeation enhancer enhance transdermal efficiency through a physicochemical synergistic permeation-enhancement strategy without disrupting the skin barrier. In vitro studies revealed that among various permeation enhancers (menthol, azone, oleic acid) and electret parameters, the combination of a -1500 V electret with 10% oleic acid exhibited the optimal synergistic effect. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the patch reached a peak plasma concentration (>30 ng/mL) within 1 h and maintained effective therapeutic levels (>5 ng/mL) for up to 8 h. The patch significantly improved the sleep quality in insomniac rats, with no observed skin irritation or cytotoxicity. This study not only accomplishes an efficient, non-invasive, and parametrically tunable transdermal delivery of melatonin but also validates the feasibility of synergistic enhancement through physical field regulation and chemical permeation, thereby providing a viable strategy for developing safe and long-acting textile-based transdermal drug delivery systems aimed at neuroendocrine small-molecule hormones similar to melatonin.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.",
    "Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Biomedical Textile Materials and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Juyang Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinzhi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiahan Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mingtao Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fujun Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lu Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jing Gao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6sabhdamz13w7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fbioe.2026.1913854",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687086",
  "id": "6sabhdamz13w7",
  "issns": [
    "2296-4185"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42922935",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3003|Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221037831",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687086?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687086",
  "pmid": "42922935",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6sabhdamz13w7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42922935",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42922935"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3003|Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A melatonin textile transdermal patch based on physicochemical synergistic permeation-enhancement strategy for circadian rhythm regulation.",
  "title_text": "A melatonin textile transdermal patch based on physicochemical synergistic permeation-enhancement strategy for circadian rhythm regulation.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/6sabhdamz13w7",
  "venue": "Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology",
  "versions": []
}